Fruit Flies of Economic Importance: From Basic to Applied Knowledge Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance 10-15 September 2006, Salvador, Brazil pp. 187-193 Neosilba (Tephritoidea: Lonchaeidae) Species Reared from Coffee in Brazil, with Description of a New Species Pedro Carlos Strikis1 & Ângelo Pires do Prado2 1Departamento de Parasitologia; Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Prof. Zeferino Vaz, Distrito de Barão Geraldo Campinas SP. Brasil [email protected] 2Departamento de Parasitologia; Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Cidade Universitária Prof. Zeferino Vaz, Distrito de Barão Geraldo, Campinas SP Brasil. [email protected] ABSTRACT: Neosilba species are believed to be secondary invaders of fruit, so, little attention has been paid to its presence in coffee fruits. In this article we present a key to Neosilba species present in coffee fruits and describe a new species that is considered a primary invader. We hope this will help researchers working with coffee fruits to better quantify the economic importance of Neosilba species associated with coffee fruits. Key Words: Fruit-fly, new pest, Neosilba new species. INTRODUCTION Neosilba present in coffee fruits. Aguiar-Me- nezes et al. (2007) describe N.bifida and Neo- Coffee crops are grown in much of the silba n. sp 10, here designed Neosilba bella n. southeast of Brazil, in the states of Parana, São sp, as primary invaders of coffee fruits. Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Es- pírito Santo. In the year 2000 coffee exporta- tion added 1.65 billion dollars to the Brazilian MATERIALS AND METHODS economy (IBGE 2000). The damage caused by fruit flies (Tephritidae) in coffee plantation is Samples of Neosilba species reared from well known (Eskafi & Cunningham 1987, Ma- coffee fruits (Coffea arabica., Rubiaceae), cul- lavasi & Zucchi 2000), but little attention has tivars Icatú Amarelo, Catucaí Amarelo, Oieiras been paid to Lonchaeidae species present in and Obatã, have been sent to our laboratory coffee fruit. This may be due to the fact that at the Departmento de Parasitologia of the lonchaeids in fruit are often thought to be Instituto de Biologia of Universidade Estadu- secondary invaders, associated with tephritid al de Campinas to be identified. flies or with fruit damaged by other causes, From male specimens received, kept in al- and the lack of an identification key to spe- cohol 70%, the abdomen was separated and cies present in coffee. Araújo & Zucchi (2002) put into a solution of 10% KOH at room tem- reported Neosilba pendula (Bezzi) as an im- perature for 24 h. After clearing the abdo- portant pest of Barbados cherry crops (Mal- mens were washed gently and put in glycerin pighia ermaginata) in the state of Rio grande in order to extract the genitalia under a Zeiss do Norte, Brazil. This species is also present in stereomicroscope enabling us to identify the coffee fruits, along with N. zadolicha McAlpine Neosilba flies. Voucher specimens are depos- & Steyskal, N. glaberrima (Wiedemann), N. cer- ited in the laboratory L2a at the Departamen- ta (Walker), N. bifida Strikis & Prado, N. pseu- to de Parasitologia at UNICAMP. dopendula (Korytkowski e Ojeda) and N. bella All measurements were made using a Zeiss n. sp. Souza et al. (2005) found six species of Axioplan photomicroscope and the software Corresponding author: Image-Prolite, version 4.0 for Windows 95/ NT/98. Pedro Carlos Strikis Book Fruit Flies.indb 187 28/10/2008 08:27:19 188 From Basic to Applied Knowledge New Neosilba Species in Coffee. RESULTS Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal 1982: Species of Neosilba Reared from Coffee Ara- 127; Uchoa-Fernandes et al., 2004: 515; Santos, bica et al. 2004: 653; Strikis & Prado 2005: 1; Han & Ro Neosilba bifida Strikis & Prado 2005: 420. Neosilba bifida Strikis & Prado 2005: 1. Material examined: São Paulo: Campinas 1999 Material examined: Rio de Janeiro: Seropédica, Adalton Raga: 01 ♂; Campinas, 2000, Adalton 2005, Ellen Aguiar-Menezes: 01 ♂. Raga: 03 ♂♂. Neosilba certa (Walker) Neosilba bella n. sp. Anthomyia certa Walker 1850-56: 364. Material examined: Rio de Janeiro: Seropédica, Neosilba certa: McAlpine & Steyskal 1982: 112. 2005, Ellen Aguiar Menezes: 41 ♂♂. Lonchaea certa: Stein 1901: 192. Silba certa: Gaud & Martorell 1973: 249. Lonchaea pendula: Bezzi 1919: 249. TaXONOMY Material examined: São Paulo: Campinas, 1994, Adalton Raga: 01 ♂; Rio de Janeiro: Seropédica, Neosilba bella n. sp. 2005, Ellen Aguiar-Menezes: 29 ♂♂. Holotype: Male, reared from Cytharexyllum Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann) myrianthum Chamb. collected by Adalton Lonchaea glaberrima Wiedemann 1830: 475. Raga, on 30 Jan 2002 in Caraguatatuba, SP, Neosilba glaberrima: McAlpine & Steyskal 1982: deposited in the Museo de Zoologia da Uni- 114. versidade de São Paulo (MZUSP). Lonchaea pendula: Bezzi 1919: 249. Paratypes: 3 males, in very good condition, Carpolonchaea pendula: Hennig 1948: 360. reared from Eryobotria japonica (Thumb.) Silba pendula Korytkowski & Ojeda, 1971: 112. Lindl., collected in Monte Alegre do Sul, SP, on Material examined: Rio de Janeiro: Seropédica, 08 Jun. 2002 by Pedro Carlos Strikis, depos- 2005, Ellen Aguiar-Menezes, 13 ♂♂. ited in MZUSP. Neosilba pendula (Bezzi) Lonchaea pendula Bezzi 1919: 249. Neosilba pendula: McAlpine & Steyskal 1982; DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE: Araújo & Zucchi 2002: 91; Strikis & Prado 2005: MALE BODY SIZE: 6.7 MM 1. Lonchaea glaberrima: Ihering 1905: 3; Hempel Head: Frons: narrowed toward lunule, 1.8 1905: 353, 1906: 208; Bezzi, 1910. mm long and 1.4 mm wide; length/width Lonchaea aenea: Ihering, 1912; Tavares 1915: 52. ratio:1.28. Lunule with 8-9 setulae. Ocel- Material examined: Rio de Janeiro: Seropédica, lar plate with 8 strong bristles, 2 inter ocel- 2001, Ellen Aguiar-Menezes. 28 ♂♂. Sao Paulo: lar bristles under ocellar plate and 2 others Campinas, 1998, Adalton Raga, 24 ♂♂; Garça, above ocellar plate. Antenna, 1.8 mm long, 1997, Adalton Raga. 09 ♂♂ with one prominent bristle on the pedicel. Neosilba pseudopendula (Korytkowski & Oje- First flagellomere 0.846 mm long and 0.34 da) mm wide; length/width ratio: 2.48. Arista Silba pseudopendula Korytkowski & Ojeda 0.9 mm long and plumose. Palpus large and 1971:113; Steyskal, 1978: 72. broad. Neosilba pseudopendula: McAlpine & Steyskal Thorax: thorax 2.0 mm in long dorsal 1982: 127; Souza et al. 2005: 639. view and setulose. Scutellum bare, with 2 Material examined: Rio de Janeiro: Seropédica, strong marginal basal bristles with 3 se- 2005, Ellen Aguir-Menezes: 02 ♂♂. tae between it and 2 strong marginal api- Book Fruit Flies.indb 188 28/10/2008 08:27:19 189 From Basic to Applied Knowledge New Neosilba Species in Coffee. cal bristles, and 3 setae between marginal yond prensisetae. Surstylus with 10 strong apical bristle and marginal basal bristle at prensisetae distally. Cerci with scarce but each side of scutellum. Anepisternum with long setae; easily seen in ventral and lat- a cluster of 5 strong posterior bristles, with eral views (figs. 1 and 2). Paramere with a one setae below, and a cluster of 4 strong conspicuous shape, more or less triangu- anterior bristles, weaker than posterior lar, (fig. 1 and 3). bristles. Wings: hyaline, 5.2 mm long and 2.3 mm wide; length/width ratio: 2.26; hyalines with FEMALE: UNKNOWN. brownish veins and microtrichia, calypteres OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: white with white fringes and with about 12 long blackish setae at fold. São Paulo: Caraguatatuba, Cytharexyllum Male terminalia: Total length: 0.93 mm; myrianthum Chmab. 30 Jan. 2002 Adalton epandrium short, 0.46 mm long, but lon- Raga: 03 ♂♂; Monte Alegre do Sul Eryobot- ger than wide; 0.38 mm wide, length/width ria japonica (Thumb.) Lind., 08 Jun. 2006, ratio: 1.21 and with long hairs, longer at Pedro Carlos Strikis 8 ♂♂; São Bento do end of epandrium (figs. 1 and 2). Aedea- Sapucaí Malpphighia punicifolia L., 14 Apr. gus with filament fine and slender after “C” 1998, Miguel de Souza Filho: 2 ♂♂; Espíri- shaped base until apex, ending slightly be- to Santo: Viana, Eugenia uniflora L., 24 Oct. Fig. 1, male terminalia of N. bella n.sp in ventral view; Fig. 2, male terminalia of N.bella n. sp in lateral view; Book Fruit Flies.indb 189 28/10/2008 08:27:20 190 From Basic to Applied Knowledge New Neosilba Species in Coffee. Fig. 3, male terminalia of N. bella n. sp in ventral view showing detail of paramere. Fig. 4, male terminalia of N. zadolicha in ventral view; Fig. 5, male terminalia of N. bifida in ventral view; Book Fruit Flies.indb 190 28/10/2008 08:27:22 191 From Basic to Applied Knowledge New Neosilba Species in Coffee. Fig. 6, male terminalia of N. certa in ventral view; Fig. 7, male terminalia of N. glaberrima in ventral view. Fig. 8, male terminalia of N. pseudopendula in lateral view; Book Fruit Flies.indb 191 28/10/2008 08:27:23 192 From Basic to Applied Knowledge New Neosilba Species in Coffee. Fig. 9, male terminalia of N. pendula in lateral view. Figures taken from McAlpine & Steyskal, 1982. 2002, David Martins 01 ♂; Viana, Ingá laurina KEY TO SPECIES OF NEOsilba USUALLY Willd:, 27 Oct. 2002, David Martins 02 ♂♂; FOUND IN COFFEE FRUITS IN BRAZIL Linhares: Eugenia gemminiflora Berg., 28 Jan. (ADAPTED FROM MCALPINE & STEYSKAL 2004 David Martins: 3 ♂♂; Linhares: Talisia es- (1982) AND STRIKIS & PRADO (2005) culenta Radlk (native name: Pitomba-rosa): 06 Feb. 2004, David Martins: 04 ♂♂; Paraná: Euge- 1. Male teminalia in ventral view approxi- nia uniflora L.; 20 Apr. 2004, Flávio Garcia: 01♂; mately 6 times as long as wide (Fig. 4) ......... Bahia: Ilhéus trapped in McPhail trap placed ............................................................N. zadolicha in a border of mata atlântica reservoir, 13 Jun. Male terminalia in ventral view with 2004, Maria Aparecida Leão Bittencourt: 04 length/width ratio less than 4 ......................2 ♂♂; Amazonas: Manaus, Sample labeleb only 2.