Kobe University Repository : Thesis Activities and Participation in the Aesthetic-Rhetoric Field of the Japanese ‘Subculture’; Focusing on the Interinstitutional System of the Japanese Animation Contents Industry, the Dojin Culture, the Cosplay 学位論文題目 Practices and the Vocaloid Scene(日本「サブカルチャー」の美的－レ Title トリック的なフィールドにおける活動と参加―日本アニメコンテンツ 産業、同人文化、コスプレ実践とボーカロイドシーンの間制度的シス テムを中心に―) 氏名 HERNANDEZ HERNANDEZ ALVARO DAVID Author 専攻分野 博士（学術） Degree 学位授与の日付 2016-03-25 Date of Degree 公開日 2017-03-01 Date of Publication 資源タイプ Thesis or Dissertation / 学位論文 Resource Type 報告番号 甲第6607号 Report Number 権利 Rights JaLCDOI URL http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/handle_kernel/D1006607 ※当コンテンツは神戸大学の学術成果です。無断複製・不正使用等を禁じます。著作権法で認められている範囲内で、適切にご利用ください。 PDF issue: 2021-10-11 博 士 論 文 2015 年 12 月 08 日 Activities and Participation in the Aesthetic-Rhetoric Field of the Japanese ‘Subculture’; Focusing on the Interinstitutional System of the Japanese Animation Contents Industry, the Dōjin Culture, the Cosplay Practices and the Vocaloid Scene 日本「サブカルチャー」の美的－レトリック的なフィールドにおけ る活動と参加―日本アニメコンテンツ産業、同人文化、コスプレ実 践とボーカロイドシーンの間制度的システムを中心に― 神戸大学大学院人文学研究科博士課程 後期課程社会動態専攻 HERNANDEZ HERNANDEZ ALVARO DAVID 指導教員 油井 清光 教授 副指導教員 前川 修 教授・松田 毅 教授 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... i Introduction ..................................................................................................................... v Chapter One. Exploring the Japanese Subculture Fields ..................................................................... 1 1.1 General Research Framework: Exploring Three Fields associated with the Subcultures ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Fixing the Categories for Empirical Observation ................................................. 2 1.3 Delimiting the Field of Research ........................................................................... 3 1.4 Content of the Chapters ......................................................................................... 5 Section I: The Field and its Institutions ......................................................................... 11 Chapter Two. The Japanese Content Industry: Institutions of Cultural Commodities .................... 11 2.1 Values in Contradiction and the Japanese Content Industry ............................ 11 2.2 Japan’s National Cool and the Japanese Animation Market ............................. 13 2.2.1 The Japanese animation industry and its production system .................... 17 2.3 Cool Japan’s Policies ............................................................................................ 19 2.4 Japanese Animation in East Asia ........................................................................ 24 2.4.1 Cultural flows and identities in East Asia ................................................... 27 2.5 Media-Mix, Character Business and the Kadokawa-Dwango Ecosystem ......... 29 2.6 Conclusions: Markets and Incommensurate Values ........................................... 33 Chapter Three. Dōjin Productivity and Cosplay Performativity: Institutions of Activities ................. 36 3.1 Fan and Dōjin Cultures in the Japanese ‘Subcultural Field’ ............................. 36 3.1.1 The otaku and dōjin activities ....................................................................... 38 3.1.2 From Japanese SF groups to the commodification of textual productivity 41 3.2 Dōjin Cultures: Places for Activities and Secondary Creations ......................... 44 3.2.1 Approaching dōjin cultures: Commonality and individuality ...................... 46 3.2.2 Exploring the 80th Comic Market and the 17th Super Comic City participants ............................................................................................................. 54 i 3.2.3 The Kansai Vocaloid Paradise ....................................................................... 68 3.2.4 Dōjin productivity: Institutions of community-oriented markets ............... 71 3.3 Cosplay Practices ................................................................................................. 77 3.3.1 Japanese popular culture in Taiwan ............................................................ 80 3.3.2 Self as belonging: Performative consumption, narcissism and aesthetics .. 83 3.3.3 Approaching cosplay practices through questionnaires and interviews ..... 91 3.3.4 Cosplay in Taiwan through questionnaire and interviews ........................ 101 3.3.5 General observations of cosplay questionnaires and some details obtained through interviews and observations in Japan ................................................... 107 3.3.6 Me – Mine, individual and collective bodies, action and participation. .... 112 3.4 Conclusions: First and Third Person in Lived and Imagined Communities ... 115 Chapter Four. The Vocaloid Scene: Institution of Participation ........................................................ 120 4.1 Cultural Crossroads behind the Vocaloid Scene ............................................... 120 4.1.1 The Logics of the Network and the Rise of the Vocaloid Scene ................. 124 4.1.2 Web 2.0 and the Rise of Nico Nico Architectures ....................................... 127 4.2 The Birth of Hatsune Miku: A Singing Instrument and a Character of Voice 130 4.2.1 The voice and the illustration: Software with personality ........................ 133 4.2.2 Hatsune Miku: The character, the tool and the kyara ............................... 136 4.3 New Environments for New Practices in Consumption and Production ......... 140 4.3.1 Contents, interfaces, and intellectual property .......................................... 141 4.3.2 Contents, platforms and ownership of the character as IP ....................... 147 4.4 The Productivity of Participation: Networks of Communities and Markets ... 149 4.5 Conclusions: Platform and Contents Industries, Dōjin Communities and Participatory Networks ............................................................................................ 152 End of Section One: An Interinstitutional Field of Markets and Communities ....... 156 1. A Massive Network of ‘Subcultures’ .................................................................... 156 2. Two Values in Contradiction: Culture and Industry .......................................... 157 3. Commodities and Consumption: The Subordination of Culture to the Exchange-Value ........................................................................................................ 159 ii Section II: Values in the Aesthetic-Rhetoric Field ........................................................ 163 Chapter Five. Theoretical Framework ............................................................................................... 163 5.1 Institutions and Values ...................................................................................... 163 5.1.1 Institutions, voluntaristic structuralism and action .................................. 163 5.1.2 Social differentiation and institutional logics ............................................ 166 5.1.3 The missing subjective action in architectures and the social imaginary 170 5.1.4 Personal values, value generalisation and economic institutions ............. 174 5.2 Culture, Meaning, Aesthetics, Rhetorics and Texts .......................................... 179 5.2.1 The dimension of culture ............................................................................. 179 5.2.2 Disembedded meanings: The symbol and the allegory in the aesthetic ... 181 5.2.3 The imaginary and indetermination ........................................................... 188 5.2.4 Aesthetic autonomy, self-reflective codes and rhetoric messages .............. 193 5.2.5 Text appropriation and self-understanding ................................................ 198 5.3 Actions and Meanings: Collective Bodies and Symbolic Forms ....................... 204 5.3.1 Large networks of closed worlds: Individuals and persons ....................... 204 5.3.2 Interaction, emotional energy and social performances ............................ 211 5.3.3 Intellectual property, gifts and markets in the informational networks .. 219 5.4 Imaginary Worlds in the Japanese Dōjin Cultures’ Interinstitutional Fields. 232 5.4.1 Imaginaries of reality: The subculture and the otaku categories, genesis and transformation ...................................................................................................... 232 5.4.2 Imaginaries of the self: Fictional characters and narratives .................... 244 5.5 Conclusions: The Interinstitutional System and the Japanese Subculture .... 252 Chapter Six. The Voices from the Vocaloid Scene: Activities and Participation in the Aesthetic-Rhetoric Field .............................................................................................. 254 6.1 Analysing the Interviews from the Vocaloid Field ............................................ 254 6.1.1 Research methodology ................................................................................. 254 6.1.2 Different orientations to values and understandings of the subject ......... 257 6.2 Communities: The Starting and Ending Point ................................................. 261 6.3 Asobi-ba and Participation: Action in the Aesthetic-Rhetoric Field ................ 276 6.3.1 Physical places and informational networks .............................................