Solaris 1.x to Solaris 2.x Transition Guide 2550 Garcia Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 U.S.A. Part No: 802-1967-10 A Sun Microsystems, Inc. Business Revision A, November 1995 1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 2550 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043-1100 U.S.A. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Portions of this product may be derived from the UNIX® system, licensed from UNIX System Laboratories, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Novell, Inc., and from the Berkeley 4.3 BSD system, licensed from the University of California. Third-party software, including font technology in this product, is protected by copyright and licensed from Sun’s suppliers. 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THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. THIS PUBLICATION COULD INCLUDE TECHNICAL INACCURACIES OR TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS. CHANGES ARE PERIODICALLY ADDED TO THE INFORMATION HEREIN. THESE CHANGES WILL BE INCORPORATED IN NEW EDITIONS OF THE PUBLICATION. SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. MAY MAKE IMPROVEMENTS AND/OR CHANGES IN THE PRODUCT(S) AND/OR THE PROGRAMS(S) DESCRIBED IN THIS PUBLICATION AT ANY TIME. Please Recycle Contents Preface. xxi Part 1— Transition Information for Users and System Administrators 1. Introduction . 3 Advantages of Migrating to the Solaris Operating Environment 3 Portability, Scalability, Interoperability, and Compatibility 5 Advantages for Large Organizations . 6 Comparison of SVR4 and the Solaris Operating Environment 6 Additional Features in the Solaris Operating Environment 6 SVR4 Features Excluded From the Solaris Environment . 9 2. Overview of Major Changes . 11 Software Packages and Clusters. 12 Package Administration . 12 Disk Slices . 13 Cylinder Groups . 14 Device Naming. 14 iii File Systems . 15 Changes. 15 Pseudo File Systems . 16 Added File Systems . 16 Kernel Configuration. 16 Kernel Layout. 17 Automounting . 17 Admintool. 18 Network Information Service Plus (NIS+) . 19 Print Subsystem . 20 PrintTool . 20 Command Changes . 20 Service Access Facility. 21 Volume Management. 22 3. Installation and Configuration Changes. 23 Installation Overview . 23 What’s New in Installation and Configuration . 24 What to Do Before You Install Solaris Software . 25 Saving Disk Partition Information. 26 Making a List of System Components to Save . 27 Saving File System Information . 27 Making a List of Files and File Systems to Save. 28 Saving Metadevice Configuration Information . 28 Deciding the Order of Installation for Networks. 29 iv Solaris 1.x to Solaris 2.x Transition Guide—November 1995 Backing Up the File Systems . 30 Saving SunOS Release 4.x System Data . 30 Installing Solaris Software . 31 Restoring Data . 32 Restoring SunOS Release 4.x User Data . 32 Restoring SunOS Release 4.x System Data . 34 4. Using the Compatibility Packages. 39 Why Port Applications? . 40 SunOS/BSD Source Compatibility Package . 40 Binary Compatibility Package . 40 5. Security. 43 Solaris 2.5 Security Features . 44 /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow Files . 44 /etc/default Files . 45 Restricted Shells. 45 Password Aging Changes . 45 Automated Security Enhancement Tool (ASET) . 46 Unbundled Security Options . 47 Kerberos Security. 47 SunShield . 47 6. User Environment Administration . 49 Selecting a Default Shell . 49 Customizing User Environments. 51 Window System . 52 Contents v User and Group Administration . 53 User and Group Administration Choices . 53 Adding User Accounts. 53 Using Mail . 54 Using Document Tools . 55 man Page Organization Differences . 56 Customizing the man Command Search Path . 57 whatis and windex Databases. 58 Using the man Command . 59 7. Device Administration. 61 Device Naming Conventions . 61 Convention for Disks. 62 Convention for Tape Drives . 63 Obtaining Disk Information . 63 df Command . 64 du Command . 64 dkinfo Command . 64 devinfo Command . 65 Adding Devices to the System . 65 Using Volume Management . 66 8. Startup and Shutdown . 69 Booting . 69 boot Command Changes . 70 Booting From the PROM. 70 vi Solaris 1.x to Solaris 2.x Transition Guide—November 1995 Summary of Boot Differences. 71 Using the init Command . 72 init Command Changes . 72 Changing System Run Levels. 72 Shutting Down . 74 Changes to the shutdown Command. 75 Using the fasthalt and fastboot Commands. 75 Using the halt and reboot Commands. 76 9. File-System Administration . 77 File-System Changes . 78 Default File Systems and Directories. 79 Virtual File-System Architecture . ..