Final Environmental Assessment Rangeland Grasshopper and Mormon Cricket Suppression Program BEAVERHEAD, BROADWATER, DEER LODGE, FLATHEAD, GALLATIN, GRANITE, JEFFERSON, LAKE, LINCOLN, MADISON, MINERAL, MISSOULA, PARK, POWELL, RAVALLI, SANDERS, SILVER BOW counties, and THE FLATHEAD RESERVATION, MONTANA EA Number MT-20-03 Prepared by: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 1220 Cole Ave. Helena, MT 59601 June 11, 2020 1 Table of Contents I. Need for Proposed Action ...................................................................................................... 4 A. Purpose and Need Statement ............................................................................................... 4 B. Background Discussion ....................................................................................................... 4 C. About This Process.............................................................................................................. 6 II. Alternatives ............................................................................................................................ 2 A. No Action Alternative ......................................................................................................... 3 B. Insecticide Applications at Conventional Rates or Reduced Agent Area Treatments with Adaptive Management Strategy (Preferred Alternative) .......................................................................... 3 C. Experimental Treatments Alternative ................................................................................. 4 III. Affected Environment ............................................................................................................ 7 A. Description of Affected Environment ................................................................................. 7 B. Site-Specific Considerations ............................................................................................... 9 1. Human Health .................................................................................................................. 9 2. Nontarget Species ........................................................................................................... 10 3. Socioeconomic Issues .................................................................................................... 12 4. Cultural Resources and Events ....................................................................................... 13 5. Special Considerations for Certain Populations ............................................................. 13 IV. Environmental Consequences .............................................................................................. 14 A. Environmental Consequences of the Alternatives ............................................................ 15 1. No Action Alternative .................................................................................................... 15 2. Insecticide Applications at Conventional Rates or Reduced Agent Area Treatments with Adaptive Management Strategy ............................................................................................................ 16 3. Experimental Treatments Alternative ............................................................................ 26 B. Other Environmental Considerations ................................................................................ 28 1. Cumulative Impacts ........................................................................................................ 28 2. Executive Order No. 12898, Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations ............................................................................ 29 3. Executive Order No. 13045, Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks ...................................................................................................................................... 30 4. Tribal Consultation ......................................................................................................... 31 5. Executive Order 13186, Responsibilities of Federal Agencies to Protect Migratory Birds 32 6. Endangered Species Act ................................................................................................. 32 7. Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act........................................................................... 33 8. Additional Species of Concern ....................................................................................... 33 9. Fires and Human Health Hazards ................................................................................... 35 10. Cultural and Historical Resources .................................................................................. 36 V. Literature Cited .................................................................................................................... 37 VI. Listing of Agencies and Persons Consulted ......................................................................... 45 VII. Public Comment… ............................................................................................................... 52 Appendices 2 Appendix 1: FY 2020 Guidelines for Treatment of Rangeland for the Suppression of Grasshoppers and Mormon Crickets, USDA APHIS PPQ Western Region ............................................................................................... 53 Appendix 2: Map of Affected Environment ....................................................... 61 Appendix 3: 2020 Montana Rangeland Grasshopper Hazard Map ..................... 62 Appendix 4: 2020 Biological Assessment for Montana and concurrence letter. 63 Appendix 5: Public Comment Responses ............................................................ 99 Non-Discrimination Policy The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. 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Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at [email protected]. Persons With Disabilities Individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing, or have speech disabilities and you wish to file either an EEO or program complaint please contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339 or (800) 845-6136 (in Spanish). Persons with disabilities who wish to file a program complaint, please see information above on how to contact us by mail directly or by email. If you require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) please contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). Mention of companies or commercial products in this report does not imply recommendation or endorsement by USDA over others not mentioned. USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of any product mentioned. Product names are mentioned to report factually on available data and to provide specific information. This publication reports research involving pesticides. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish and other wildlife—if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended label practices for the use and disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers 3 Draft Site-Specific Environmental Assessment Rangeland Grasshopper and Mormon Cricket Suppression Program BEAVERHEAD, BROADWATER, DEER LODGE, FLATHEAD, GALLATIN, GRANITE, JEFFERSON, LAKE, LINCOLN, MADISON, MINERAL, MISSOULA, PARK, POWELL, RAVALLI, SANDERS, SILVER BOW counties, and the FLATHEAD RESERVATION, MONTANA I. Need for Proposed Action A. Purpose and Need Statement An infestation of grasshoppers or Mormon crickets may occur in in Beaverhead, Broadwater, Deer Lodge, Flathead, Gallatin, Granite, Jefferson, Lake, Lincoln, Madison, Mineral, Missoula, Park, Powell, Ravalli, Sanders, and Silver Bow counties, Montana . The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) may, upon request by