A CHECKLIST OF THE BRANCHIOPODA (ANOSTRACA AND CLADOCERA) Chapter summary. — Existing reports on branchiopods from Chilean in- land waters are restricted to studies on Anostraca and Cladocera, whereas un- fortunately there are no published studies on Notostraca or Conchostraca. The present chapter provides a checklist of the species of anostracans and clado- cerans reported from the area. Only two genera of Anostraca have been de- scribed from Chile, i.e., the halophilic Artemia, which is widespread across the Chilean territory, and Branchinecta that has been described from some re- stricted zones, inhabiting shallow ponds in both northern Chile and southern Patagonia. The cladocerans, are, until now, known to be present with five fami- lies encompassing 28 species, distributed over a wide array of various kinds of inland water bodies. These species include cosmopolitic and endemic species, some of the widespread being Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia pulex, while among the endemics are Daphniopsis chilensis, described only from northern Chilean water bodies, and Daphnia dadayana, occurring in shallow ponds in southern Patagonia. The present study describes the geographical distribution of Cladocera in Chilean inland waters as recorded to date, and points out the need for more extensive taxonomic and biogeographical studies on the Chilean Branchiopoda. Introduction The Branchiopoda of Chilean inland waters have been relatively poorly studied. The only branchiopod taxa studied are anostracans (Soto, 1990; Gajardo et al., 1995; De los Ríos, 2005; De los Ríos et al., 2008; Rogers et al., 2008) and cladocerans (Araya & Zúñiga, 1985; Ruiz & Bahamonde, 1989; Villalobos, 1994). The Anostraca mainly inhabit shallow ponds such as inland saline water bodies (Artemia; Gajardo et al., 1998; De los Ríos & Zúñiga, 2000), while species of the genus Branchinecta inhabit shallow ephemeral pools (Rogers et al., 2008), characterized by low conductivity and by oligotrophy (De los Ríos et al., 2008a). The cladocerans, in contrast, inhabit a wide range of water bodies such as large, deep lakes (Villalobos, 1997, 2003; © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2010 Crustacean Zooplankton Communities: 7-21 8 CRM 012 – Patricio R. De los Ríos-Escalante De los Ríos & Soto, 2006, 2007a, b) and shallow ponds, both permanent and ephemeral (De los Ríos, 2005, 2008; Soto & De los Ríos, 2006). List of Branchiopoda reported from Chilean inland waters Class BRANCHIOPODA Latreille, 1817 Order ANOSTRACA G. O. Sars, 1867 Family ARTEMIIDAE Grochowski, 1896 Genus Artemia Leach, 1819 Artemia franciscana Kellogg, 1906 Artemia persimilis Piccinelli & Prosdocimi, 1968 Family BRANCHINECTIDAE Daday, 1910 Genus Branchinecta Verrill, 1869 Branchinecta gaini Daday, 1910 Branchinecta granulosa Daday, 1902 Branchinecta palustris Birabén, 1946 Branchinecta papillata Rogers, De los Ríos & Zúñiga, 2008 Branchinecta valchetana Cohen, 1981 Branchinecta vuriloche Cohen, 1985 Order CLADOCERA Latreille, 1829 Family SIDIDAE Baird, 1850 Genus Diaphanosoma Fischer, 1850 Diaphanosoma chilense Daday, 1902 Genus Latonopsis G. O. Sars, 1888 Latonopsis occidentalis Birge, 1891 Family DAPHNIIDAE Straus, 1828 Genus Ceriodaphnia Dana, 1853 Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, 1894 Genus Daphnia O. F. Müller, 1785 Daphnia ambigua Scourfield, 1947 Daphnia dadayana Paggi, 1999 Daphnia obtusa Kurz, 1874 Daphnia peruviana Harding, 1955 Daphnia pulex Leydig, 1860 Genus Daphniopsis G. O. Sars, 1903 Daphniopsis chilensis Hann, 1986 Genus Moina Baird, 1850 Moina micrura Kurz, 1874 Genus Scapholeberis Schoedler, 1858 Scapholeberis spinifera (Nicolet, 1849) Genus Simosa (Norman, 1903) Simosa exspinosa (De Geer, 1778) Simosa serrulata (Koch, 1841) Simosa vetula (O. F. Müller, 1776) Family BOSMINIDAE Baird, 1845 Genus Eubosmina Seligo, 1900 Eubosmina hagmanni (Stingelin, 1904) [= Neobosmina chilensis (Daday, 1902)].