Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2016; 4(6): 132-137 ISSN 2320-3862 JMPS 2016; 4(6): 132-137 A review on medicinal plants of Parkia Biglobosa © 2016 JMPS Received: 20-09-2016 (Mimosaceae -Fabaceae) and Pterocarpus Accepted: 21-10-2016 Erinaceus (Leguminosae – Papilionoidea) Vidjinnangni Fifamè Grâce Nadège Dedehou Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology Vidjinnangni Fifamè Grâce Nadège Dedehou, Pascal Abiodoun and Animal Health, Faculty of Agronomics Sciences University of Olounladé, Dourossimi Adam Adenilé, Géorcelin Goué Alowanou, Erick Abomey Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 526 Virgile Bertrand Azando and Mawulé Sylvie Hounzangbé-Adoté Cotonou - Benin Pascal Abiodoun Olounladé Abstract (a)Laboratory of The use of the medicinal plants constitutes a significant resource employed by communities for their Ethnopharmacology and Animal daily healthcare. Parkia biglobosa and Pterocarpus erinaceus are two plants spread in West Africa and Health, Faculty of Agronomics Sciences University of Abomey used in traditional medicine. This study was carried out in order to summarize current knowledge on Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 526 Cotonou - medicinal uses of these plants. Data from this study showed that the plants possessed wide-reaching Benin pharmacological actions, including anti - diarrhoea, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, (b)Pluridisciplinairy Laboratory, analgesic, antiplasmodial activity. All the parts of the plants are used for the care. Phytochemical School management and investigations revealed that some compounds as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, Exploitation of livestock systems phenols, glycoside and sugars are present. National University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 95 Ketou - Benin Keywords: Parkia biglobosa, Pterocarpus erinaceus, ethnopharmacological, traditional medicine Dourossimi Adam Adenilé Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology 1. Introduction and Animal Health, Faculty of Plants have formed the basis of traditional medicine system [1] which has a rapidly growing Agronomics Sciences University of [2] Abomey Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 526 economic importance . Traditional medicine refers to health practices, approaches, Cotonou - Benin knowledge and beliefs incorporating plant, animal and mineral-based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and exercises, applied singularly or in combination to treat or to Géorcelin Goué Alowanou [3] Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology diagnose and prevent illnesses or maintain well-being . It still remains the main recourse for and Animal Health, Faculty of a large majority of people for treating health problems. Approximately 80% of the population Agronomics Sciences University of of the world depends according to the World Health Organization on traditional medicine, Abomey Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 526 mostly herbal remedies, for their primary health care needs [4]. The African continent have a Cotonou - Benin long history with the use of plants and in some African countries, up to 90% of the population Erick Virgile Bertrand Azando rely on medicinal plants as a source of drugs [5]. This situation is justified by several reasons. National Superior School of Official medical attention is usually based on commercial drugs that have to be purchased with Agricultural Sciences and money, while a traditional medical consultancy has a much lower cost, including the Techniques of Djougou, University [6] of Parakou, P.O. Box 73 Djougou - consumption of the medicinal plants required . The absence or inaccessibility of modern Benin healthcare services, affordability, cultural acceptance and, under certain circumstances, effectiveness than their modern counterparts has caused a large percentage of the population to Mawulé Sylvie Hounzangbé-Adoté [7] Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology rely mostly on plant based traditional medicines for their primary health care needs . These and Animal Health, Faculty of factors and a growing interest in the use of natural products and folk medicine have resulted to Agronomics Sciences University of an increase in the demand for medicinal plants. Abomey Calavi, 01 P.O. Box 526 Like in many other developing countries, people in Bénin use medicinal plants to improve Cotonou – Benin [7] their state of health . Bénin flora is too rich and various and plants are used to treat population diseases [8]. Parkia biglobosa Benth is a perennial deciduous tree from the savannah zone of West Africa and Pterocarpus erinaceus is a deciduous legume tree of African savannahs and dry forests. These plants belong to the flora of Bénin. They are important multipurpose trees and are well known in many African countries. Apart from Correspondence providing building materials, wood, food, fodder, weapons and other commodities, these Pascal Abiodoun Olounladé plants are especially important as traditional medicines. In Bénin, 47% of the various Assistant Professor, [9] Pluridisciplinary Laboratory, identified uses of P. biglobosa were medicinal . School management and The present study was set up to make the synthesis of the various uses of the two plants in Exploitation of livestock systems, traditional medicine and to support the possibility to use them like anthelminthic in the National University of Agriculture, domestic ruminants to improve the productivity of the animals P.O. Box 95 Ketou - Benin ~ 132 ~ Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2. Methods with a diameter of 1.2–1.8 m. Exceptionally tall trees reaching In the present review, informations regarding medicinal 35 m height have been reported [11]. The branches are light properties, medicinal uses, botany and biochemical properties grey. The leaves are compound, imparipinnate, about 30 cm of Parkia biglobosa and Pterocarpus erinaceus were gathered long composed of 10 to 15 alternate or sub-opposite leaflets. via searching books and scientific databases including: The young fruits are light green and turn light brown when published works on journals, PubMed, Elsevier, Google dry. scholar, Science Direct, Springer, etc. 3.2 Medicinal uses and pharmacology studies 3. Observations and Results Parkia biglobosa and Pterocarpus erinaceus are medicinal 3.1 Botany plants widely used in traditional African medicine particularly Parkia biglobosa (sub-family Mimosoideae and family in Benin, Nigeria, Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast, Togo, Mali Fabaceae) popularly known as the African locust bean tree, is to treat a range of diseases. The use of the two plants for this perennial tree legume. The tree grows in the savannah region purpose related especially to the bark, the leaves and the roots. of West Africa up to the southern edge of the Sahel zone 13° The bark was the most used parts based on the high number of [10]. The fruit is slightly bent, brown indehiscent pod, 30 to 40 uses reported. The plants are mainly used against digestive cm long and 2 to 3 cm wide producing up to 20 seeds. disorders, wounds, hypertension and infections (table 1) and Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. (Leguminosae, subfamily some studies are carried out to justify these uses (table 2). Papilionoidea) is a small to medium-sized tree 12–15 m tall Table 1: Uses of P. biglobosa and P. erinaceus in traditional medicine. Scientific name Plant part used Therapeutic indication Medicinal Preparation ( and administration mode) References and Family Parkia biglobosa Bark Gastric and duodenal ulcer Powder, maceration (oral) [12] Parkia biglobosa Bark Depurative, diuretic Maceration (oral) [8] Parkia biglobosa Leaves Abscess Grinding (local application) [8] Parkia biglobosa Leaves Liver diseases, hepatic deficiency Decoction (oral, bath) [13] Parkia biglobosa Leaves Diabetes Infusion (oral) [14] Leaves, pods, stem Parkia biglobosa Wounds Powder, decoction (local application) [15] bark Digestive, nervous, cutaneous and Root bark, trunk Decoction, calcinations, trituration and maceration (oral, [16] Parkia biglobosa pregnancy-birth disorders, infection and bark, leaves bath, (application) infestation, poisoning High blood pressure, Yellow fever, Parkia biglobosa Bark, fruit pulp Bark and fruit are soaked and drunk (oral) [17] Constipation Decoction of bark in water (bath and/or to drink) The Parkia biglobosa Stem bark, leaves Wounds, pain, fungal infection powder is usually dissolved in water (bath and/or to [18] drink) or is thrown into fire (inhalation) Parkia biglobosa Roots Coal disease Decoction in salty water (oral) [19] Diarrhoea, general weakness, abdominal Parkia biglobosa Roots,stem bark Powder, decoction (oral) [20] pains Parkia biglobosa Seeds Whitlow Fermentation(local application) [21] Grains and roots are ground, the grains are mixed with Parkia biglobosa Grains, barks Anthelmintic [22] rock salt, the roots are soaked in water (oral) Parkia biglobosa Stem bark Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial Not reported [23] Parkia biglobosa Seeds, leaves Hypertension Decoction (oral) [24,23] Parkia biglobosa Trunk bark, pods Diarrhoea, dysentery, cholera Maceration (oral) [25] Parkia biglobosa Bark, leaves, fruits Snake or venomous animal bite Not reported [26] Parkia biglobosa bark Diarrhoea and veneral diseases Not reported [27] Parkia biglobosa Seeds Diabetes Consumption in sauce (oral) [24] Parkia biglobosa Bark Toothaches Fumigation [28] Smallpox, varicella, measles,tooth decay, Parkia biglobosa Bark Infusion (oral),decoction (mouth bath) [29] toothaches, gingivitis Parkia biglobosa Roots Fever, malaria Not reported [30] Fruits flour (oral); gargle, inhalation, fumigation of bark; Constipation, anorexia, rickets, icterus Parkia biglobosa Fruits,barks leaves maceration