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MA.THUR, Superintendent, Nazair Kanum Hind Press, AJlahabad. - TnB CA.LCUTTA. ScHOOL Boox SociETY. MR. SUNDER PA.NDURA.NG, Bombay. MESSRs. A.M. A.ND J. FERGusoN, Ceylon. MEssRsrTEMPI.B & Co., Madras. · MEssRs. CoHBRIDGB & Co., Madras •. MESSRS. A. R. PILLA.I & Co., Trivandrum. ~bssRs. A. CHA.ND &-Co., Lahore, Punjab. ·- .·· BA.Bu S. C. T.A.LUXDA.B, Proprietor, Students & Co., Ooocli Behar. ------' In $ng~a»a.~ AIR. E. A. • .ARNOLD, 41 & 43 -M.ddo:x:• Street, Bond Street, London, W. , .. MESSRS. CoNSTA.BLB & Co., 10 Orange· Sheet, Leicester Square, London, W. C. , MEssRs. GaiNDLA.Y & Co., 64. Parliament Street, London, S. W. · MEssRs. KBG.&.N P.&.lTL, TRENCH, T:aifBNBR & Co., 43 Gerrard Street, Soho, London, W. MR. B. QuurrcH, 11 Grafton Street, New Bond Street, London, W. , · MEssas. W. TH&CXBB & Co., 2 Creed Lane, Ludga.te Hill, London, E. C. lhssBs. P. S. KING & SoN, 2 & 4 Great Smith Street, Westminster, London, S. W. MEssRs. H. S. KING & Co., 65 Comhill, London, E. C. Ma. B. H. BucxWELL, 60.51 Broad Street, Oxford. MESSRs. DEIGHTON BELL & Co., Trinity t:ltreet, Cambridge. 1\b. T. FISHER UNWIN, I Adelphi Terrace, London, W. 0. MEssRs. Luuc & Co., 46 Great Russell Street, London, "\V. 0. On the Continent. MEsSRs. R. FRIEDLANDER & SoHN, 11 Carlstrasse, Berlin, N. "\V., 6. M:a. OTTO lliRRASSOWITZ, Leipzig. M:a. RuDOLF·ff.!UPT, 1 Dorrienstrasse, Leipzig (Germany). Ma. KA.RL HIERSEMA.NN, 29 Konigsstrassee, Leipzig. M:a. ERNEST LERoux, 28 Rue Bonaparte, Paris. Ma. MA.BTINUS N IlHOFf. Th~ Hagu.e. BE.N'G.AL GAZETTEERS. FEUDATORY STATES OF ORISSA, [Price~Jndian Ra. 'l-12; in En9lattd, 118. 6d.] BENGAL GAZETTEERS. FEUDATORY STATES OF O~RISSA. :BY L. E. B. COBDEN-RAMSAY, IJJDIA.N CIVIL SERVICE. CALCUTTA: :BENGAL SECRETARIAT BOOK DEPOT." 1910. PREFACE. I HAVE much pleasure in acknowledging the valuable assistance rendered by the Chiefs of the States of Mayar· bhanj and DhenkanaJ, and by the Superintendents of the Keonjhar and Nayagarh States, in the preparation of the articles on their States. To Mr. F. D. Whi:ffin, Honorary Magistrate of the Gangpur Stat~, I am inqebted for valuable information on the subject of the Fauna of the States.. A considerable amount of the information concerning "·The People " in the general portion of this .volume is taken from notes prepared for the Ethnographic Survey of the Central Provinces. The description . of the G angpur and Bonai States has been largely reproduced from Sir William Hunter's Statistical Account of those States. L. C.R •. PLAN- OF CONTENTS. PART I. CHAPTERS PAGES I. PHYSICAL AsPECTl'S • 1-21 II. HISTORY 0 • 22-34 III. THE PEOPLE 0 • • 35-68 IV. PUBLIC HEALTH 69-71 V. AGRICULTURE • • 72-77 VI. NATURAL CALAMITIES .· 78 VII. RENTS AND wAGES 0' 79-80 VIII. OcccPATIONB, MANUFACTURES AND TRADE 81-83 IX. MEANS oF CoMMUNICATION • 84-88 X. LAND REVENUE ADMINISTRATION 89-92 XI 0 GENERAL ADMINISTRATION 93-104 XII. LocAL SELF-GovERNMENT • 105 XIII. EDUCATION • • 106-108 PART II. I. AmaABH STAT.E . 109-113 II. ATRMALLIK STATE 114-118 • -· III. BAMRA. STAT~ 119-127 IV. BARAMBA STATE : 0 • 128-132 - v. BAUD STATE • . 133-140 VI. BoNAt STATE • ' 141-157 VII. DASPALLA STATE 158--:-162 VITI. DHENKANAL STATE • • • 163-174 IX. GANGPUR STATE 0 175-188 X. HINDOL STATE 0 189-192 XI. KALAHANDI STA'l'B ' • • 193-211 XII. KEONlHAR STATE • 212-231 XIII. llHANDl'ARA STATE • 232.:.-235 XIV. MAYURBHANl STATE 0 "236-257 XV. 'NARSINGBPUR STATE • 258-261 XVI. NAY.AGARH STATE • • 262-270 XVII. N ILGIRI STATE • • • 271-274 XVIII. pAL LAHARA STATE ' • 275-280 XIX. PATNA STATE • 281....:.S03 XX. RAIRA.KHOL STATE • 0 304-312 XXI. R.ANPUR STATE • 313-317 XXII SoNPUR STATE 318-328 XXIII. TALCHER STATE • 329-334- XXIV. TtGffiiA STATE • 335-337 XXV. GAZETTEER • 0 338-346 lND~X 347-381 TABLE OF UONTENTS. PART I. GENERAL ACCOUNT. OHAPTEB L PHYSICAL ASPECTS. PAGES GENERAL DBSOlUl'TIOB' -Boundaries--Configuration-HILL SYSTBH-RIVBB sYSTEM-The Mahinadi-'fhe Erahmani-The Baitarani-The Bori· balang-The Tel-The Hati-The Ang-GBOLOGY-BOTANY-FA111U- Birds-Crocodiles-8nakes-Fish-CLI.HATB-Temperature-Rainfall (1-.:H) CHAPTER II. HISTORY. PBB.a:Is:romo PB:B.Ion-MBDU:VAL PE:B.Ion-BBITIS.a: OOB'Qll'BST-Jums­ DICTION-Cuttack States-Chota Nigpur States-Central Provinces States -Banada-Tribute and nazartina-FOBIIATION O:P T.HB STATBS- ABCR.!i:OLOGY • • • • (22-a4) CHAPTER Ill. THE PEOPLE. 0BOWT.H O:P POl'll'LATIOB'-Census of 1881-CenstJa of 1891-Cenaus of 1901 -Population engaged in, and dependent upon, agriculture- GBBBBAL OBABACTBlUBTICS-Denaity-Towns and villages-RACBs--011AllAC'l'BB 0:1' T.HB PBOl'LB-LA:NGll'AGB-Literature--RBLIGIOB-Christiaru-PBI:NCIPAL CABTBB- Binkas-Bhuiyiis--Tm1.Z clit'inOM-Cluwacter -..J.ppeartJnt'fr­ Sociat datru-LanguagtJ- C.stoma aml halJita-- c•. ,toma t~t birllz..­ Cvatoma at death-.Arma-ThtJ flillt~g.-RefJenue-Religion -Trial b!J ordeal-Futiflala-FuturtJ of tAe rtJctJ-DtJncea-Bhuliis-Chaaiia­ Dumiila-Gandis, Pa111 and Doms-Gaurae-Ghasis and Hiris-Juiinga-· HalJita afld c.. toma-Kaltuyis or Kolthiis--Karans-Khandaita-Khariis -KLonds-P11iks-Sahara-Sansii Or yia-Sudhas-Taonlis • .• (85-68) xii TABLE_ Ol!' CONTENTS. CHAPTER IV. PUBLIC HEAtTH. PAGES MEDICAL lBSTITUTIONS_:P.IUNOIP .lL DISEASES:... vA.COilU.TIOlf • (69-71) CHAPTER V. AGRICULTURE. ouEBA.L DBscBrPTroir-sYsnu o:r CuLTIVATros-IBBIGATro:N-PRixciPA:r. CBOPB-Rice-Other cereals and pulses-Oil-seed&-Sugarcanc-Wheat- , ' Cotton-TobaccO-Turmeric-Vegetables-Edible roots-E:XPBBiliBNTAL FA:BH8-SEBICl1LTVBB-PLOUGH-DOMESTIC AlUJULS-CATTL:B , , (72--77) :CHAPTER VI. NATURAL.. CALAMITIES. FAHINI-80A.BOITY-FLOOD • • ' . ( '18) CHAPTER VII. RENTS AND WAGES. • • (79-SO) CHAPTER VIII. QCCUPATIONS, MANUFACTURES AND TRADE. ' OccuPATIONS-M.lNt7FACTl1BES-Mines and deposita-TR.lDB-lmporta and . exports-Trade centres-Fairs-Transports • • • • (81-SS) CHAPTER IX. MEANS OF COMMUNICATION. GENEB.lL :r:BA'l'UBE-ROADS-Cuttack·Angul-Sambalpur road-cuttack-Son· pur-Sambalpur road-Sambalpur-Pitni-Kilibandi road-Raipur-Bhawini­ pitni road-Biripadi-Karanjii road-Bimra-Deogarh road-Champui· Vyis Sarovar road-Pinposh·Bonaigarh road-PosTAL AND TBLEGBAPH COJI.lltrliiCATIONS-Telephone line-W .lTEB COMMUNICATIONS-RAIL• WAYs-TRAMWAYS • • • (84-88) T.ABLE OP CONTENTS. xiii CHAPTER X. LAND REVENUE ADMINISTRATION. PAGES, LAND BIVENO'B SYSTEM-sBrTLEit:ENTS-RBVENUB·l'AYING LANDS-Revenue -Rates of assessment-Village administration-GaonUiia-Ganjhus­ ZAHINDARIB-RBVENO'E•ll'BEE LANDS-Raj family grants-Other grants , (a9-92) CHAPTER XI. GENERAL. ADMINISTRATION. ADMINISTRATIVE CHARGES, l'OWBBS AND STAU-REVBNUB-Land revenu~ Forest revenue-Excise t·evenue-Stamps-Miscellaneous revenue -FoBBSTs-General description-Forest administration-Village forests­ Fees-Edible fruit trees-Timber trees-Other common trees-_.Minor forest products-Forest. revenue-EXCISE, .ADMilUSTRATION--:Opium­ Giinja-Liquor-Rice beer-Toddy-Excise staff-Zamindii.ri excise arrangements-Excise revenue-ADIUNISTBlTION OP JUSTICE-Civil justice-Criminal justice-POLIOB-Pai.h-Police force-Rural police- Military police-JAJLS-PD'BLIO WORKS DEl'ABTMBNT • (93-104) CHAPTER XII. LOC.AL SELF-GOVERNMENT. M tJNIOilALITIBS .. (105) CHAPTER XIII. EDUCATION. PROGBBSS OP EDllOATIOlf-SBCONDABY AND l'RIM.ABY SCHOOLS-FBit:ALB BD'C'OATION-ABO:BIGINAL AND BACltW.ABD. RACBS_:..TRAlNiNG SCHOOLS -FINANCES . (106-108) xiv TABLB 01!' CONTENTS. PART·n. STATES. ·-·CHAPTER I. ATHGARH STATE. PAGES P.&YSIOAL ASP~OTS-HISTOBY'-TRE PEOPLE~PUBL~O RULTR-AGBIOUL· TUBB-RBBTS, WAGES AND. PBIOBs-000trPATIONS, IUI!l'UFAOTUBES Al!D ~BADB-HEAliS 01!' OO~UlU.IOATION-LAli'D BBVENU. ADHII!l'ISTBATIOll' -GENERAL ADMilllSTBATION- Finances--Forest-Excisa-Civil justice - Crime-Poli'ce--Jail-Public ~orb ...Department-EDVOATIOB · • • (109 -118) CHAPTER II. ATHMALLIK STATE. · PHYSICAL · ASPEOTS-HISTORY-TRE PEOPLB-PtrB:tiO REALTH-AGRIOUL• !tlTBB_:_RENTS, WAGES AND PBICES-0COUPATIONS, MAI!l'trFACTUBES AND TRADE--MEANS o:r OOMHUNIOATION-LAND REVEll'trB ADHINISTBATION -GENERAL ADHINISTBATION-!'inances-Forests-Excise-Civil justice -:-Crime-Police-Jail.:_Public Works Department-EDVOATION • (114-118) CHAPTER III, BAMRA STATE. PHYSICAL ASPEOTB-HISTORY-TRE PEOPLB-PUBLIO RBALTB:-AGBIOUL• TUBE-RENTS, WAGES Al!D PRIOEs-000lTPATIONS, MAlfUFAOTtrBES AND TRADE-MEANS OF COHHtrNIOATION-LAND REV.ILflTE ADMINISTRATION­ Land cess-School cesa-7'ikii and Nazarana-Mafi grants-Village administration-Feudal tenures-GarAa#as-Rakrimat-GBNEBAL ADlli• lUSTRATION~Powers-Finanoes-Forests-Excise-Market monopoly­ Pitki-Civil justice-Crime-Police-Jails-Public Works Department -EDtrC.A.TIOll • • . • • (119-127) CHAPTER IV. BA.RAMBA STATE. PHYSICAL ASPEC'I'&-HISTORY-TRE PEOI'LE-PtrllLIO REALTR-AGBICtrL• TURE-RENTIJ, WAGES AliD PBICBS-0CCI7PATIONS, IUNUF.A.CTlTBES AND TBADB-MBANS OF COMMUNICATION-L.t.ND BBVBNUB ADMINISTBATION­ G~BBA.L ADlliBISTBATION-Fina.nces-Forests-Excise-Civil just.~ce- Crime-Police-Jail--Public Works Department-EDUCATIOB • (l28-132) TABLE 011' CONTENTS, XV CHAPTER V. BAUD STATE. P.&.GBS PHYSICAL .A.SPECTB-HISTO:BY·...,.TuE PEOPLB-PUBLIO .JIBA:{.TH-AGRICD"L• TUBE-RENTS, WAGES AND PBIOES-0COUPATIONS1 lUNUF.ACTtrBBS AND TBADE-MEANS OP OOHMUNICATION-LAND BEVBlrUB.