CMPA Technical Report Series 30 Socio-economic Baseline Assessment at Gosabara Wetland Complex and Khijadiya Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat June 2016 GEER Foundation Indo-German Biodiversity Programme Conservation and Sustainable Management of Coastal and Marine Protected Areas CMPA Technical Report Series No. 30 Socio-economic Baseline Assessment at Gosabara Wetland Complex and Khijadiya Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat Authors Binoy Acharya and Geeta Sharma Published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Indo-German Biodiversity Programme (IGBP), GIZ-India, A-2/18, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi - 110029, India E-Mail: [email protected] Web: www.giz.de http://indo-germanbiodiversity.com/ June 2016 Responsible Director, Indo-German Biodiversity Programme Photo Credit Dr. Neeraj Khera Layout Aspire Design, Delhi Disclaimer The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India, of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) or the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. The designation of geographical entities and presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression or opinion whatsoever on the part of MoEFCC, BMUB or GIZ concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Reference herein to any specific organisation, consulting firm, service provider or process followed does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favouring by MoEFCC, BMUB or GIZ. Citation Binoy Acharya and Geeta Sharma. 2016. Socio-economic Baseline Assessment at Gosabara Wetland Complex and Khijadiya Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat CMPA Technical Series No. 30. Indo-German Biodiversity Programme, GIZ- India, New Delhi. Pp 86. Socio-economic Baseline Assessment at Gosabara Wetland Complex and Khijadiya Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat Authors Binoy Acharya and Geeta Sharma UNNATI, Gujarat June 2016 CMPA Technical Report Series 30 Indo-German Biodiversity Programme Conservation and Sustainable Management of Coastal and Marine Protected Areas Disclaimer This study has been financed through a contract with the Project on “Conservation and Sustainable Management of Coastal and Marine Protected Areas” (CMPA), of the Indo- German Biodiversity Programme. The Project is jointly implemented by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India, and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB). The information presented and the views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, nor of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, or the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of MoEFCC, BMUB, or GIZ concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific organisations, companies or products of manufacturers, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by MoEFCC, BMUB, or GIZ in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Socio-economic baseline assessment at Gosabara and Khijadiya, Gujarat Contents List of Acronyms and Abbreviations………………………………………………………………………………iii List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..iv List of Figures……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..v Glossary……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..v Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1 1 Context and Rationale ............................................................................................. 4 2 Preparation ............................................................................................................ 5 3 Methodology .......................................................................................................... 6 4 Gosabara Wetland Complex, Porbandar .................................................................... 7 4.1 Background ..................................................................................................... 7 4.2 Location of communities surveyed ..................................................................... 9 4.3 Demography ................................................................................................... 10 4.3.1 Population ............................................................................................... 10 4.3.2 Literacy ................................................................................................... 11 4.3.3 Poverty index ........................................................................................... 12 4.4 Stakeholder Mapping ....................................................................................... 12 4.5 Livelihoods ..................................................................................................... 16 4.5.1 Participation in the labour market .............................................................. 17 4.5.2 Caste groups and their economic role......................................................... 19 4.5.3 Agriculture ............................................................................................... 20 4.5.4 Animal Husbandry .................................................................................... 24 4.5.5 Fishing .................................................................................................... 27 4.5.6 Courier services ........................................................................................ 28 4.5.7 Manual labour .......................................................................................... 29 4.6 Interdependence of livelihoods and ecological character of wetland .................... 31 4.7 Resource Management Conflicts ....................................................................... 33 4.8 Livelihood assets and opportunities .................................................................. 33 5 Khijadiya Bird Sanctuary, Jamnagar ........................................................................ 35 5.1 Background .................................................................................................... 35 5.2 Location of communities surveyed .................................................................... 37 5.3 Demography ................................................................................................... 38 5.3.1 Population ............................................................................................... 38 5.3.2 Literacy ................................................................................................... 38 i Socio-economic baseline assessment at Gosabara and Khijadiya, Gujarat 5.3.3 Poverty index ........................................................................................... 39 5.4 Stakeholder mapping ...................................................................................... 39 5.5 Livelihoods ..................................................................................................... 44 5.5.1 Participation in the labour market .............................................................. 45 5.5.2 Caste groups and their economic role......................................................... 46 5.5.3 Agriculture ............................................................................................... 47 5.5.4 Animal Husbandry .................................................................................... 52 5.5.5 Manual labour .......................................................................................... 53 5.5.6 Services and small trades .......................................................................... 55 5.6 Livelihood systems and conflicts in resource management .................................. 55 5.7 Livelihood assets and opportunities .................................................................. 56 6 Framework for micro-planning ................................................................................ 57 Annexure 1: Terms of Reference............................................................................. 59 Annexure 2: Guidelines for Community Consultations ............................................... 64 Annexure 3: Social and Resource Maps, GWC and KBS ............................................. 67 Annexure 4: Schedule of Community Consultations & Meetings ................................. 75 Research Team ..................................................................................................... 75 ii Socio-economic baseline assessment at Gosabara and Khijadiya, Gujarat List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ANM Auxiliary Nurse Midwife APMC Agricultural Produce Market Committee AW Anganwadi Worker BMC Bio-Diversity