CARTHA II Mannschaft, september 2015 Samuel Schultze Joanne Pouzenc I Joël Tettamanti I Mathieu Bujnowskyj I Fabrizio Ballabio I Mio Tsuneyama Alan-Miguel and Rubén Valdez I Cristina García Baeza I Vicente Nequinha I Walter Achermann II Mannschaft 3 Cartha Editorial 5 Interview Francisco Moura Veiga Samuel Schultze 9 Joanne Pouzenc Womannschaft 12 Mathieu Bujnowskyj on Joël Tettamanti The Photographic ambiguity and the artification of architectural communications 17 Fabrizio Ballabio Role Module – Zanuso’s Participatory Design or the Architect as Manager 21 Mio Tsuneyama Towards „Build the house“ 24 Alan-Miguel and Rubén Valdez Technocentric neoliberalism and okness: the shaping of the city 26 Cristina García Baeza Architecture Construction Process: A Molecule 31 Vicente Nequinha Fernand Pouillon – The Modern Master Builder 34 Walter Archermann The Team Captain – Notes on a life of building 37 Francisco Ramos Ordóñez on behalf of Cartha Dîner de Confrères Editorial CARTHA There’s no “I” in Team or of the nature of local laws. One can say that “knowledge” has been growing at an With this issue, we want to pay homage to all the unprecedented pace since the first industrial revolu- other entities that take an active part in the act of buil- tion. As any other field of knowledge, architecture is no ding by picturing these teammates from the perspective exception. Where architecture differs is in its assimila- of the architect, our perspective, by discoursing on our ting character; architecture tends to integrate innova- reality and understanding how intertwined it is with tions from other fields, even whole new fields, into its the ones of those who build with us. To the rest of the processes. This has a direct influence on the depth and team, our most honest thank you. range of comprehension that is now requested from the architect. Although we can still agree with the vitruvian view of the architect as a “generalist specialist”, the idea of architect as “master builder” is something we cannot conceive at this moment. When the role of the architect must be one of overview, how can she/he deepen all necessary aspects of the process to the point of maste- ring them, if they keep on multiplying at an exponential rate? For one person to call upon himself the responsi- bility for all the subparts of the process is not only ego- tistical but also reckless. Architects should act as coordinators, should attain a position of overview by acknowledging the necessary work of other “players” at different phases of the process, not by proclaiming themselves as the sole responsible for the built environment. As we see it, the built environment is as much a consequence of the conceptual work of the architect as it is of the quality of the construction industry, of the engineer‘s ingenuity 3 Samuel Schultze Interview Francisco Moura Veiga It is easy to sit across Samuel Schultze. Leaning back on the chairs inside one of the meeting rooms in the freshly renovated Basel office, overlooking the fig trees in the interior court- yard, one can’t help but feeling comfortable. The room I am in is one of the few enclosed spaces in the huge office. Samuel shares the open-office space with all the other workers that make up the Basel office of Burckhardt + Partner, no private office, no wall between him and his employees. This is quite something when we think that he is the CEO of one of the largest architecture offices in Switzerland, with around 350 employees and a history that star- ted in the early 50’s of the XXth century, he was part of the Basel Cityscape commission for 15 years and is the President of the Board of Trus- tees of the Swiss Architecture Museum. Still, he is no star, he is no Ronaldo or Messi, he is more a Phillip Lahm; a polyvalent figure that holds the team in place through his over- view of the game and his understanding of each position’s functions. Just before starting the interview, I tell him that we don’t want to hear what the CEO of B+P has to say about “MANNSCHAFT”, we want to hear what he, Samuel, has to say. He then lea- ned back too and we started talking. CARTHA II / 01 4 How would you define the architect’s role in a the tasks that we are given today. On the other hand project now, today, in this precise moment? we have to consider the fact that this expertise are also Nowadays the architect doesn’t have the same role as he highly restraining for us if we do not question them. did in the past. He used to be not only architect but also Therefore, it is very important that we challenge the master-builder and that worked perfectly back then. expertise they are adding to the project and that we His fields of knowledge were vast, therefore he was able extract what we need to know in order to implement to implement his artistic ideas backed by a comprehen- their knowledge in an intelligent way. We have to learn sive amount of information. He would do an appren- to work with the information the experts are giving ticeship, he would learn from his master and further us and trust their experience without adopting their developed his skills. The trade he learned enabled him inputs 1:1. This is a crucial task. Experts often have a to look at a task in its entirety, he had the overview. With very clear idea of how something has to be done. The the separation of design and execution, the architect’s job of the architect is to bring together different aspects role changed. He draws the plans, he is still versed in of a project in an intelligent way. He is supposed to over- construction matters but he does not implement his view the whole process and the entirety of the task. In ideas himself anymore, this task was taken over by the this sense the architect needs to reconquer his position, “new” specialized master-builder. which once was hold by the “master-builder-architect”. When did this separation between design and And who is holding this position nowadays? execution happen? This position is taken over by construction managers, At the beginning of the XXth century when architec- people who primarily organize, structure. They are ture crystallised into a separate discipline. In the last used to make logical decisions but have no affinity century, the architect has missed out on strengthening with architecture. They are trustees, guiders, schedu- his position as leader of the planning and the execution lers... We shouldn’t allow alienation of the overview phases and was gradually displaced by the general con- position over the project, otherwise the architect tractor. The general contractor was better in all mat- becomes just another expert who is supposed to bring ters of accounting and timing and the architect didn’t inputs. deal with this part of the process because he concen- trated more and more on the design part. Nowadays, As CEO of B+P you have already been in the this kind of specialization reached a new level: today we position of working as local architect and have planners, estimators, acoustic engineers, e.g. We executing a project for a design architect, I’m have specialists for everything. thinking of the work you did for Renzo Piano, Chipperfield or Libeskind. How was it for you These specialists for everything, how do you to hold that position? At the end, you were then relate to them. For instance, the office you are also “just another expert”? heading, is working for companies (such as In a way it is an ingrate job when you have been given Roche or Novartis) that request an enormous the task of guiding the “design architect”. You act as the number of specialists and consultants involved go-between who has to fulfil the needs of two parties, in their projects. Are these specialists giving the client and the “design architect”. The client doesn’t you the information you need for your work or dare to give instructions to the “design architect”, are they limiting you in terms of the design pro- afraid of interfering with the “Architecture”... The cess? design-architect on the other hand is often struggling I think that our relation towards specialists is rather with deadlines and financial specifications he does not ambivalent. On the one hand I’m convinced that we fully understand. The local architect/project manager CARTHA II / 01 need expertise in order to deal with the complexity of is the middleman, the mediator because he speaks both 5 languages. It is of great importance that he knows well of the “Stadtbildkomission” (cityscape Com- the design-architect’s point of view and is able to repre- mission) in Basel, you had the chance to sit on sent it toward the client, the same way that he has to the other side of the table and decide how the represent the interests of the client toward the design city districts should develop. How did you feel, architect. It is a very demanding job because you run the playing in this position? risk of being ground down between the two positions. To work for the municipal authorities was a big and And, at the end, your contribution to the project’s rea- essential experience for me. But you shouldn’t feel too lisations is substantial but you are not benefiting from important and get presumptuous. The committee’s first it.