STUDY ON IMPROVING THE ACCESSIBILITY & MOBILITY OF THE HIGHWAY NETWORK IN UVA PROVINCE FINAL REPORT Amal S. Kumarage University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka September 2000. Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION __________________________________________ 1-1 1.1 Background _____________________________________________________________ 1-1 1.2 Objectives ______________________________________________________________ 1-2 1.3 Acknowledgements _______________________________________________________ 1-2 CHAPTER 2 : SURVEYS AND DATA COLLECTION _________________________ 2-1 2.1 Administrative & Land Use Profile __________________________________________ 2-1 2.1.1 Agriculture __________________________________________________________ 2-3 2.1.2 Animal Husbandry ___________________________________________________ 2-10 2.1.3 Industries __________________________________________________________ 2-12 2.2 Socioeconomic Profile ____________________________________________________ 2-12 2.2.1 Population __________________________________________________________ 2-12 2.2.2 Employment ________________________________________________________ 2-12 2.3 Service Sector __________________________________________________________ 2-17 2.3.1 Health Sector _______________________________________________________ 2-17 2.3.2 Education Sector _____________________________________________________ 2-19 2.3.3 Utilities ____________________________________________________________ 2-19 2.4 Urban Centres _________________________________________________________ 2-19 2.5 Tourism _______________________________________________________________ 2-23 2.6 Motor Vehicle Ownership ________________________________________________ 2-25 2.6.1 Vehicle Ownership and Income _________________________________________ 2-27 2.7 Road Network __________________________________________________________ 2-29 2.8 General Travel Attributes in Uva __________________________________________ 2-33 2.8.1 Travel to Work ______________________________________________________ 2-35 2.9 Traffic Data ____________________________________________________________ 2-37 2.10 Travel Times & Speeds __________________________________________________ 2-44 2.11 Transport Access to Basic Services _________________________________________ 2-47 i 2.12 Connectivity ___________________________________________________________ 2-49 2.13 Expenditure for Road Network ____________________________________________ 2-53 2.14 Bus Services ___________________________________________________________ 2-53 2.15 Rail Services ___________________________________________________________ 2-55 CHAPTER 3 : ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS FOR MOBILITY __________________ 3-1 3.1 Internal Road Network ___________________________________________________ 3-1 3.2 Major Roads within Province ______________________________________________ 3-1 3.3 Travel Time with Colombo & Kandy ________________________________________ 3-2 3.4 Use of the recently built Mahaweli Roads _____________________________________ 3-3 3.5 Inaccessible to the Dambulla Special Economic Zone & Markets _________________ 3-4 3.6 Connectivity to Tourist Areas ______________________________________________ 3-4 3.7 Creation of Tourist Routes and Access within Uva _____________________________ 3-5 CHAPTER 4 : PROPOSALS _____________________________________________ 4-1 4.1 Proposal # 1: Permanent Opening of New Kandy-Mahiyangana Road at Randenigala Dam 4-1 4.2 Proposal #2: New Road Axis: Kandy-Badulla _________________________________ 4-3 4.3 Proposal #3: Development of a Major Tourist Route ___________________________ 4-4 4.4 Proposal #4: Development of Mahiyangana- Dambulla Link _____________________ 4-6 4.5 Proposal #5: A High Mobility Road to Colombo _______________________________ 4-8 4.6 Proposal #6 Prescription as Protected Highways _____________________________ 4-11 4.7 Proposal #7: Improvements to A4 Highway between Balangoda and Badulla _______ 4-13 4.8 Proposal #8: Minor Improvements within Uva _______________________________ 4-15 4.9 Proposal # 9: Takeover of Mahaweli Roads __________________________________ 4-17 ii 4.10 Proposal #10: Building Regulations for Existing Roads ________________________ 4-17 CHAPTER 5 : IMPLEMENTATION _______________________________________ 5-1 iii List of Tables Table 2.1 :Extent of Crops by DS Division Uva (1997) - Hactares _________________________ 2-4 Table 2.2 : Animal Husbandry (Number of Animals) in Uva (1997) _______________________ 2-10 Table 2.3 : Industries in Uva and Locations __________________________________________ 2-12 Table 2.4 : Population and Population Density- Uva Province (1997) ______________________ 2-13 Table 2.5 : Employment and Unemployment in Uva (1997) _____________________________ 2-14 Table 2.6 : Town Hierarchy in Uva ________________________________________________ 2-21 Table 2.7 : Location of Town Centres along Major Highways ____________________________ 2-21 Table 2.8 : Places of Interest for Tourism ____________________________________________ 2-23 Table 2.9 : Residential Localities for Tourism in Uva __________________________________ 2-25 Table 2.10: Vehicle Ownership by Sector (per 100 households- 1996/97) ___________________ 2-25 Table 2.11: Vehicle Ownership by Household Income (Rs./month)– Sri Lanka _______________ 2-27 Table 2.12: Vehicle Ownership by Household Income (Rs./month)– Uva Province ____________ 2-27 Table 2.13 : Vehicle Licensing by DSD (1998) _______________________________________ 2-27 Table 2.14 : Length of Roads By DSD in Uva Province (1997) ___________________________ 2-30 Table 2.15 : Road Lengths and Densities in Sri Lanka __________________________________ 2-31 Table 2.16 : Summary of Geometric Condition of Roads ________________________________ 2-33 Table 2.17 : Relationship between Place of Work and Place of Residence ___________________ 2-35 Table 2.18: Individual Income and Place of Work - Sri Lanka ____________________________ 2-36 Table 2.19 : Individual Income and Place of Work - Uva Province ________________________ 2-36 Table 2.20 : Type of Occupation and Place of Work - Uva Province _______________________ 2-36 Table 2.21 : Traffic Counts from RDA (ADT 1988, 1996 & 1997) ________________________ 2-37 Table 2.22 : Traffic Survey Locations ______________________________________________ 2-38 iv Table 2.23 :Two-Way Daily Traffic Flow on Major Roads in Uva by Vehicle Type ___________ 2-39 Table 2.24 : Expanded Passenger Vehicle Trip Matrix for Uva Provincial Boundary __________ 2-41 Table 2.25:Compressed Passenger Vehicle Trips Matrix for Uva Provincial Boundary ________ 2-42 Table 2.26: Goods Vehicle Trip Matrix for Provincial Boundary __________________________ 2-43 Table 2.27: Compressed Goods Vehicle Trips Matrix for Provincial Boundary _______________ 2-44 Table 2.28 : Access Distances to Basic Services ______________________________________ 2-47 Table 2.29 : Travel Time for Accessing Basic Services _________________________________ 2-49 Table 2.30 : Distances to Colombo from Major Urban Centres by Different Roads (kms) _______ 2-49 Table 2.31 :Travel Route Directness Factors- Comparison with Other Cities _________________ 2-51 Table 2.32 : Expenditure of National Roads in Uva (1994-1998) __________________________ 2-53 Table 2.33 : Observed Bus Flows (13 hours per day) ___________________________________ 2-54 Table 2.34 : Rail Passenger Trips __________________________________________________ 2-55 v List of Figures Figure 2.1: Administrative Zones in Uva Province ______________________________________ 2-2 Figure 2.2 :Land Under Paddy Cultivation in Uva Province _______________________________ 2-5 Figure 2.3 : Land Under Tea Cultivation in Uva Province ________________________________ 2-7 Figure 2.4 :Land Area under Vegetable Production in Uva _______________________________ 2-8 Figure 2.5 : Land Area under Less-Perishable Vegetables ________________________________ 2-9 Figure 2.6 : Extent of Animal Husbandry in Uva ______________________________________ 2-11 Figure 2.7 : Population Density in Uva Province ______________________________________ 2-15 Figure 2.8 : Unemployment in Uva Province _________________________________________ 2-16 Figure 2.9 : Medical Institutions in Uva Province _____________________________________ 2-18 Figure 2.10 : Educational Institutions in Uva Province _________________________________ 2-20 Figure 2.11 : Town Hierarchy in Uva Province _______________________________________ 2-22 Figure 2.12 : Places of Tourist Interest and Localities of Residence ________________________ 2-24 Figure 2.13 : Motor Vehicle Ownership Rate (per 1000 population – 1998) _________________ 2-26 Figure 2.14 : Road Density Analysis _______________________________________________ 2-32 Figure 2.15 : National Road Network in Uva Province _________________________________ 2-34 Figure 2.16 : TransPlan Flow Estimates in Uva Province ________________________________ 2-44 Figure 2.17 : Travel Time by Bus from provincial boundary to locations outside Uva __________ 2-46 Figure 2.18 : Average Link Speeds on Road Network in Uva ____________________________ 2-48 Figure 2.19 : National Road Network _______________________________________________ 2-50 Figure 2.20 : Elevations and Major Road Accesses to Uva Province _______________________ 2-52 Figure 4.1: Proposal # 1 - Permanent Opening of New Kandy-Mahiyangana Road _____________ 4-2 vi Figure 4.2: Proposal # 2 - New Raod Axis (Kandy-Badulla) ______________________________ 4-3 Figure 4.3: Proposal # 3 - Development of Major Tourist