Orthodontic Postgraduate Education: A Global Perspective Theodore Eliades, DDS, MS, Dr Med Sci, PhD, FRSC, FIMMM, FRSM, FInstP Professor and Director Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry Center of Dental Medicine Un iversit y of Zu rich Zu r ich , Sw it zerlan d Formerly Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Dental Biomechanics Associate Editor, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Associate Editor, European Journal of Orthodontics Associate Editor, Progress in Orthodontics Athanasios E. Athanasiou, DDS, MSD, Dr Dent Acting Dean, Professor, and Program Director in Orthodontics Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences Un ited Arab Em irates Professor Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry School of Health Sciences Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Th essalon iki, Greece Former Dean, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Former Chair and Program Director, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Past President, National Academic Recognition Information Center, Hellenic Ministry of Education Immediate Past President, World Federation of Orthodontists Past President, European Federation of Orthodontics Past President, Greek Orthodontic Society Honorary Editor, Hellenic Orthodontic Review 32 illustrations Th iem e Stuttgart • New York • Delhi • Rio de Janeiro Librar y of Congress Cataloging-in -Publication Data Im port an t n ote: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing continual development. Research and clinical Orthodontic postgraduate education : a global experience are continually expanding our knowledge, in perspective / [edited by] Theodore Eliades, particular our knowledge of proper treatment and drug Athanasios E. Athanasiou. therapy. Insofar as this book mentions any dosage or p. ; cm . application, readers may rest assured that the authors, Includes bibliographical references. editors, and publishers have made every effort to ensure ISBN 978-3-13-200401-6 (alk. paper)—ISBN 978-3-13- that such references are in accordance with the state of 200411-5 (eISBN) kn owledge at th e tim e of production of th e book. I. Eliades, Theodore, editor. II. Athanasiou, Athanasios Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express E., editor. any guarantee or responsibility on the part of the publis- [DNLM: 1. Orthodontics—education. 2. Education, hers in respect to any dosage instructions and forms of Dental, Graduate. 3. Internationality. W U 18] applications stated in the book. Every user is requested RK78.5 to examine carefully the manufacturers’ lea ets accom- 617.6′430071—dc23 panying each drug and to check, if necessary in consul- 2015018457 tation with a physician or specialist, whether the dosage schedules mentioned therein or the contraindications stated by the manufacturers differ from the statements made in the present book. Such examination is particu- larly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. Every dosage schedule or every form of application used is entirely at the user’s own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or inaccuracies noticed. If errors in this work are found after publication, errata will be posted at w w w.thiem e.com on the product description page. Some of the product names, patents, and registe- red designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names even though speci c reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public dom ain. © 2016 by Georg Thiem e Verlag KG Thiem e Publishers Stuttgart Rüdigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germ any +49 [0]711 8931 421, custom erservice@thiem e.de Thiem e Publishers New York 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA +1 800 782 3488, custom erservice@thiem e.com Thiem e Publishers Delhi A-12, Second Floor, Sector-2, Noida-201301 Uttar Pradesh, India +91 120 45 566 00, custom erservice@thiem e.in Thiem e Publishers Rio de Janeiro Thiem e Publicações Ltda. Edifício Rodolpho de Paoli, 25º andar Av. Nilo Peçanha, 50 – Sala 2508 Rio de Janeiro 20020-906 Brasil +55 21 3172 2297 Cover design: Thiem e Publishing Group Typesetting by Prairie Papers, Inc. Printed in Germ any by Grafisches Centrum CUNO, Calbe This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercializati- 5 4 3 2 1 on outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislati- on without the publisher’s consent is illegal and liable ISBN 978-3-13-200401-6 to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication Also available as an e-book: of any kind, translating, preparation of micro lms, and eISBN 978-3-13-200411-5 electronic data processing and storage. Co n t e n t s Forew or d .............................................................................................................................................................. vi Preface ................................................................................................................................................................ viii Co n t r ib u t o r s ........................................................................................................................................................ x 1 Historical Aspects of Postgraduate Orth odon tic Curricu lu m Form u lation : Preceptorsh ips an d Sch ool Curricu la ............................................................................................................. 1 Jam es L. Vaden and Jackie Hittner 2 Con tem porar y Orth odon tic Postgraduate Program s as Related to th e Rest of Den tal Specialt y Advan ced Edu cation .......................................................................................................... 9 Henry W. Fields 3 Con tem porar y Orth odon tic Postgraduate Edu cation as Related to Un dergraduate Orth odon tic Program s .................................................................................................................................... 17 Pertti Pirttiniem i 4 Orth odon tic Specialt y Edu cation in Eu rope ............................................................................................. 23 Stavros Kiliaridis and Anne-Marie Kuijpers-Jagtm an 5 Specialt y Level Edu cation in Orth odon tics in th e Un ited Kingdom ................................................... 34 Susan J. Cunningham 6 Postgradu ate Orth odon tic Edu cation in th e Un ited States ................................................................... 42 Peter Ngan and Christina DeBiase 7 Orth odon tic Specialt y Edu cation in Can ada ............................................................................................ 52 W illiam A. W iltshire 8 Orth odon tic Specialt y Edu cation in Latin Am erica ................................................................................ 59 Julia F. de Har n 9 Orth odon tic Specialt y Edu cation in East an d South east Asia, w ith a Particular Focu s on Ch in a .............................................................................................................................. 66 Jiu-Xiang Lin, Yan-Heng Zhou, Tian-Min Xu, and Xue-Dong Wang 10 Orth odon tic Specialt y Edu cation in Ocean ia ............................................................................................ 73 Alexandra K. Papadopoulou, Oyku Dalci, and M. Ali Darendeliler 11 Orth odon tic Specialt y Edu cation in th e Middle East an d Africa ......................................................... 83 Abbas R. Zaher and Hassan Kassem 12 Orth odon tic Specialt y Edu cation in th e In dian Subcon tin en t............................................................. 88 Om P. Kharbanda 13 Th e Education al Role of Orth odon tic Boards arou n d th e World ...................................................... 112 Mauro Cozzani and Frank Weiland 14 Stru cture an d Organ ization of Den tal Specialt y Edu cation in th e Un ited Kingdom ................... 117 Fraser McDonald, G. How ard Moody, and Dirk Bister 15 International Guidelines of the Erasmus Project and the World Federation of Orthodontists ....... 125 Athanasios E. Athanasiou and Theodore Eliades 16 Th e Role of New Tech n ologies in Orth odon tic Specialt y Edu cation ............................................... 128 Shazia Naser-Ud-Din 17 Th e Role of Con tin u ou s Profession al Developm en t in Orth odon tic Edu cation ........................... 144 Athanasios E. Athanasiou 18 Th e Role of Scien ti c Journ als in Orth odon tic Specialt y Edu cation ............................................... 147 David L. Turpin 19 Th e Role of Research in Orth odon tic Specialt y Edu cation .................................................................. 162 Kee-Joon Lee and Young-Chel Park 20 Advan ced Orth odon tic Edu cation : Evolu tion of Assessm en t Criteria an d Meth ods to Meet Futu re Ch allenges ........................................................................................................................... 182 Theodore Eliades and Athanasios E. Athanasiou Ap p e n d ix .........................................................................................................................................................
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