3. Current Solid Waste Management The Study on Solid Waste Management Plan for Ulaanbaatar City in Mongolia JICA 3.1 Current Waste Stream KOKUSAI KOGYO CO., LTD. 3 Current Solid Waste Management 3.1 Current Waste Stream The waste stream of Ulaanbaatar in 2006 is elaborated in this Section based on the following survey results (see Chapter 2 of this report): x WACS in 2005 x Survey on medical waste management in 2005 x Survey on industrial waste management in 2005 x Study on construction waste in 2005 (estimation of generation amount is made for 2004) x Survey on final disposal amount in 2005 and 2006 3.1.1 Generation of Household Waste Based on the results of the waste amount and composition survey (WACS) in 2005, the generation rate and number of generation source (population) are estimated as described in the Section 4.1. The average generation rate (GR) in 2006 in the table below is calculated as follows: Average GR in 2006 = ((Apart area GR in 2006 x Apart area population in 2006) + (Ger area GR in 2006 x Ger area population in 2006))/Population of MUB in 2006 The table below presents household generation of Ulaanbaatar in 2006. Table 3-1: Household Waste Generation (2006) Number of Winter season Summer season Generation Source Generation Unit Generation Daily Generation Generation Daily Generation Source Rate (g//day) Amount (ton/day) Rate (g//day) Amount (ton/day) Apart 481,037 g/person/day 264 127.0 235 113.0 Household Ger 409,772 g/person/day 956 391.8 208 85.2 Waste Average 890,809 g/person/day 582 518.8 222 198.2 3.1.2 Generation of Business Waste Business wastes consist of those from commercial, office, market, school, hotel and public area cleaning. Based on the results of the waste amount and composition survey (WACS) in 2005, the generation rate and number of generation source (commercial, office, etc.) are estimated as described in the Section 4.1. The total waste generation amounts of categories (generation sources) other than household waste were calculated by multiplying the discharge ratio of each category by the number of units of that category. All results of these amounts were then summed to get the total waste discharge amounts as shown in the following table. Table 3-2: Business Waste Generation (2006) Number of Winter season Summer season Generation Source Generation Unit Generation Ratio Daily Generation Generation Ratio Daily Generation Source (g/day) Amount (ton/day) (g/day) Amount (ton/day) Commercial Waste (Restaurant) 44,112 g/chair/day 258 11.4 278 12.3 Commercial Waste (Other Shop) 3,174 g/shop/day 1,236 3.9 1,689 5.4 Office Waste 111,172 g/employee/day 134 14.9 185 20.6 Market Waste 4,593 g/stall/day 876 4.0 1,772 8.1 School Waste 278,977 g/student/day 3.1 0.9 1.5 0.4 Hotel Waste 12,139 g/room/day 134 1.6 113 1.4 Public Area Cleaning Waste 3,430,451 g/m2/day 3 10.3 5.1 17.5 3-1 The Study on Solid Waste Management Plan for Ulaanbaatar City in Mongolia JICA 3.1 Current Waste Stream KOKUSAI KOGYO CO., LTD. 3.1.3 Generation of Medical and General Waste from Medical Institutions The table below presents medical and general waste generated in medical institutions in the study area in 2005 which is obtained by the survey on medical waste management. Table 3-3: Generation of General and Medical Waste in 2005 Generation Rate Generation Amount Category of Waste (kg/bed/day) Number of Bed (ton/day) Medical waste 0.207 7,721 1.6 (Hazardous/Infectious) General waste 1.917 7,721 14.8 Based on the above results the Study Team forecasts medical and general waste generated from medical institutions in the study area in 2006. In this forecast the Team sets the following conditions: x Generation rate will not change. x But the number of generation source (beds) will increase according to the population growth. Consequently, the amount of medical and general waste generated in 2006 is shown in the table below. Table 3-4: Generation of General and Medical Waste in 2006 Category of Waste Generation Rate Number of Bed Generation Amount (kg/bed/day) (ton/day) Medical waste (Hazardous/Infectious) 0.207 7,937 1.6 General waste 1.917 7,937 15.2 3.1.4 Generation of Industrial Waste The table below presents non-hazardous industrial waste (non-HIW) and hazardous industrial waste (HIW) generation in 2005 which is obtained by the survey on industrial waste management. Table 3-5: Industrial Waste Generation (2005) Non-HIW HIW No of No of Factory*1 Employees Generation Generation Generation Generation Type of Factory Code Rate Amount Rate Amount (no) (persons) (kg/employee/ (ton/day) (kg/employee/ (ton/day) day) day) Food, Dairy product G01 2,878 39,200 0.40 15.7 - - Leather G02 130 1,150 2.29 2.6 - - Textile G03 122 8,650 0.36 3.1 - - Chemical G04 74 1,650 1.88 3.1 0.03 0.1 Cement & Brick G05 77 4,700 0.86 4.0 - - Metal processing G06 16 200 0.65 0.1 - - Furniture G07 157 2,350 0.86 2.0 - - Paper Processing G08 153 1,700 0.86 1.5 - - Mining industry G09 251 16,100 0.86 13.8 - - Others G10 663 21,400 0.86 18.4 - - Total 4,521 97,100 --- 64.3 --- 0.1 Based on the above results the Study Team forecasts IW generated from Factories in study area in 2006. In this forecast the Team the following conditions: 3-2 The Study on Solid Waste Management Plan for Ulaanbaatar City in Mongolia JICA 3.1 Current Waste Stream KOKUSAI KOGYO CO., LTD. x Generation rate will not change x But the number of generation source (employees) will increase according to the economic growth. Consequently, the amount of IW generation in 2006 is as follows: x Non-HIW: 67.9 tons/day x HIW: 0.1 tons/day (This figure is very doubtful as described in the Section 2.6.) 3.1.5 Generation of Construction Waste The table below presents construction waste generation in 2004 which is obtained by the study on construction waste. Table 3-6: Construction Waste Generation Amount in 2004 Total Works Dams, Others Energy Hospital, Facilities Facilities Drainage Apartment Renovation Commercial Road Works Office, Storage Communication School, Cultural Project Scale (million Tg) 36,333 7,152 4,510 3,743 6,896 412 1,853 3,387 3,456 3,635 71,377 Unit waste 1.4859 1.4859 1.4859 1.4859 14.0664 x 14.0664 x 4.13997 14.0664 13.3849 13.0805 generation -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -5 -4 -4 -4 --- (tons/1,000 Tg) x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 10 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 Waste generation 5,398.7 1,062.7 670.1 556.2 9,700.2 579.5 76.7 4,764.3 4,625.9 2,667.3 30,101.6 (tons/year) Waste generation 14.8 2.9 1.8 1.5 26.6 1.6 0.2 13.1 12.7 7.3 82.5 (tons/day) According to the observation of the weighbridge installed at the UCDS and disposal operation in the other municipal landfills, the disposal amount of the construction waste differs in summer and winter significantly. Based on the observation and the above table, the Study Team sets the following assumptions for the estimation of seasonable fluctuation on its waste generation: x The winter season starts in October and ends in March while the summer season from April to September. x Generation in summer is assumed to be two times more than in winter because of severe working conditions in winter. This ratio was obtained from market waste survey results since generation pattern shall be almost similar. Consequently, the daily generation amount in 2004 is set as follows: x Daily average generation amount in all year : 82.5 tons/day x Daily generation amount in winter season : (82.5 x 12 x 0.33/6) = 54.5 tons/day x Daily generation amount in summer season : (82.5 x 12 x 0.67/6) = 110.6 tons/day Assuming yearly generation amount increases in accordance with annual economic growth, the daily generation amount in 2006 is calculated as follows: x Daily average generation amount in all year : 91.8 tons/day x Daily generation amount in winter season : (91.8 x 12 x 0.33/6) = 60.6 tons/day x Daily generation amount in summer season : (91.8 x 12 x 0.67/6) = 123.0 tons/day 3-3 The Study on Solid Waste Management Plan for Ulaanbaatar City in Mongolia JICA 3.1 Current Waste Stream KOKUSAI KOGYO CO., LTD. 3.1.6 Final Disposal Amount There are four (4) municipal disposal sites in the study area. At first in order to identify the final disposal amount the team conducted the following surveys to the four sites: Table 3-7: Final Disposal Amount Surveys Conducted at 4 Municipal Landfills Name of the Landfills Survey Conducted Date of Data obtained UCDS 1. Number and type of incoming vehicles 1. From Dec 2003 to Jan 2004 for 2. Loading amount according to the type of winter and from Jul 2004 to Aug collection vehicles at a weighbridge of a 2004 for summer private factory 2.