Department of Municipal Affairs and Transport PO Box 20 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates © Copyright 2016, by the Department of Municipal Affairs and Transport. All Rights Reserved. This manual, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publisher PAVEMENT DESIGN MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. vii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ ix Glossary ....................................................................................................................................... xi abbreviations and acronyms ..................................................................................................... xvi 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose and scope ........................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Application of this manual ................................................................................................. 2 1.4 Content and format ........................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Pavement structure design ............................................................................................... 3 1.5.1 Pavement structure .................................................................................................... 3 1.5.2 Pavement design methods ........................................................................................ 5 1.6 General Requirements for Pavement Design .................................................................... 7 2 Pavement Design Components ............................................................................................ 8 2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Environment ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Environmental factors for empirical design ................................................................. 8 2.2.2 Environmental factors for mechanistic-empirical design ........................................... 10 2.3 Traffic analysis procedures ............................................................................................. 13 2.3.1 Design life ................................................................................................................ 13 2.3.2 Vehicle classification ................................................................................................ 14 2.3.3 Axle group configuration .......................................................................................... 15 2.3.4 Tire pressure ........................................................................................................... 16 2.3.5 Vehicle count ........................................................................................................... 17 2.3.6 Traffic projections .................................................................................................... 17 2.3.7 Design lanes ............................................................................................................ 18 2.3.8 Directional factor ...................................................................................................... 18 2.3.9 Percentage of trucks ................................................................................................ 18 2.3.10 Equivalent axle load factor ....................................................................................... 18 2.3.11 Truck factor .............................................................................................................. 19 2.3.12 ESAL calculation ...................................................................................................... 20 2.3.13 Mechanistic-Empirical traffic analysis ....................................................................... 20 3 Pavement Materials ............................................................................................................. 22 3.1 Subgrade materials ......................................................................................................... 22 3.1.1 Empirical design for subgrade materials .................................................................. 23 3.1.2 Mechanistic-Empirical design for subgrade materials .............................................. 24 Page i TOC FIRST EDITION -DECEMBER 2016 PAVEMENT DESIGN MANUAL 3.2 Granular base and subbase materials ............................................................................ 25 3.2.1 Empirical design for granular base and subbase materials ...................................... 25 3.2.2 Mechanistic-Empirical design for granular base and subbase materials .................. 27 3.3 Modified granular materials ............................................................................................. 29 3.4 Stabilized materials ......................................................................................................... 29 3.4.1 Empirical design for stabilized materials .................................................................. 29 3.4.2 Mechanistic-Empirical design for stabilized materials............................................... 31 3.5 Asphalt concrete materials .............................................................................................. 32 3.5.1 Empirical design for asphalt concrete materials ....................................................... 33 3.5.2 Mechanistic-Empirical design for asphalt concrete materials ................................... 33 3.6 Portland cement concrete ............................................................................................... 38 3.7 Geo-textiles and geo-grids .............................................................................................. 39 3.8 Recycled materials ......................................................................................................... 40 3.9 Warm mix asphalt ........................................................................................................... 40 3.9.1 Benefits of warm mix asphalt ................................................................................... 41 3.9.2 Methodology for warm mix asphalt........................................................................... 41 3.9.3 Testing for warm mix asphalt ................................................................................... 42 3.10 General Procedure for Dealing with Application of New Material/ Technology in Pavement Design for Abu Dhabi Emirate Roads ........................................................................................ 42 4 New Pavement Design ......................................................................................................... 43 4.1 Purpose and scope ......................................................................................................... 43 4.2 Flexible pavement thickness design ................................................................................ 43 4.2.1 Empirical pavement design ...................................................................................... 43 4.2.2 Mechanistic-Empirical pavement design .................................................................. 49 4.3 Rigid pavement thickness design .................................................................................... 55 4.3.1 Empirical pavement design ...................................................................................... 55 4.3.2 Supplemental procedures for rigid pavement design and rigid joint design .............. 57 4.3.3 Joint details .............................................................................................................. 62 4.3.4 Mechanistic-Empirical pavement design .................................................................. 64 4.4 Interlocking pavers design .............................................................................................. 70 4.4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 70 4.4.2 Principle of paver blocks .......................................................................................... 70 4.4.3 Construction procedure ............................................................................................ 70 4.4.4 Structural design procedure ..................................................................................... 70 4.5 Empirical pavement design example ............................................................................... 71 4.5.1 Environment ............................................................................................................ 71 4.5.2 Traffic ...................................................................................................................... 72 4.5.3 Materials .................................................................................................................