Public health interventions: Applications for public health nursing practice SECOND EDITION 2019 Public health interventions: Applications for public health nursing practice Second edition Marjorie Schaffer, PhD, RN, PHN Susan Strohschein, DNP, RN, PHN (retired) Suggested citation: Minnesota Department of Health. (2019). Public health interventions: Applications for public health nursing practice (2nd ed.). Minnesota Department of Health Community Health Division PO Box 64975 St. Paul, MN 55164-0975 651-201-3880 [email protected] www.health.state.mn.us To obtain this information in a different format, call: 651-201-3880. Contents Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Overview of evidence-based practice and related topics .............................................................................. 17 Red wedge .......................................................................................................................................................... 25 Surveillance .................................................................................................................................................... 25 Disease and health event investigation ......................................................................................................... 40 Outreach ......................................................................................................................................................... 53 Screening ........................................................................................................................................................ 65 Case-finding .................................................................................................................................................... 78 In review ......................................................................................................................................................... 87 Green wedge ....................................................................................................................................................... 91 Referral and follow-up ................................................................................................................................... 91 Case management ........................................................................................................................................ 104 Delegated functions ..................................................................................................................................... 115 In review ....................................................................................................................................................... 128 Blue wedge ....................................................................................................................................................... 131 Health teaching ............................................................................................................................................ 131 Counseling .................................................................................................................................................... 142 Consultation ................................................................................................................................................. 155 In review ....................................................................................................................................................... 165 Orange wedge ................................................................................................................................................... 167 Collaboration ................................................................................................................................................ 167 Coalition-building ......................................................................................................................................... 181 Community organizing ................................................................................................................................. 193 In review ....................................................................................................................................................... 204 Yellow wedge .................................................................................................................................................... 207 Advocacy ...................................................................................................................................................... 207 Social marketing ........................................................................................................................................... 220 Policy development and enforcement ......................................................................................................... 237 In review 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INTRODUCTION Acknowledgements The 2019 evidence update of Public health interventions: Applications for public health nursing practice builds on the foundational work of Linda Olson Keller, DNP, RN, PHN, FAAN; Susan Strohschein, DNP, MS, RN, PHNA (retired); and Laurel Briske, MA, RN, CPNP (retired). Their visionary leadership brought together public health lit- erature and the expert practice of public health nurses to make the Intervention Wheel a reality for everyday public health nursing practice. The contributions of Dr. Keller and Dr. Strohschein in the dissemination of the Intervention Wheel create a legacy and responsibility for all public health nurses in intervening to improve popu- lation health. Reviewers We are also grateful to our reviewers who read and critiqued drafts of individual in- tervention wedges. The reviewers asked good questions and made insightful com- ments, essential for revising this document for readability, clarity, accuracy, and ap- plicability to public health nursing practice. With thanks, to the following reviewers: Linda J.W. Anderson, DNP, MPH, RN, PHN Sheryl Jacobson, MS, RN Bethel University Viterbo University Linda Bauck-Todd, MS, RN, PHN Maren Jensen, RN, PHN Minnesota Department of Health Hennepin County Kathleen Bell, EdD, RN, PHN Wendy Kvale, MS, MPH, PHN St. Catherine University Minnesota Department of Health Angela Bosshart, BSN, RN, PHN Janelle Lambert, BSN, PHN Hennepin County Minnesota Department of Health Bonnie Brueshoff, DNP, RN, PHN Karen Jorgensen-Royce, MSN, RN, PHN Dakota County Wright County Bethany Divakaran, DNP, MPH, RN, PHN Karen Loewenson, MA, RN, PHN, CNE Concordia University St. Catherine University Kari Glavin, PhD, MSc, RN, PHN Stacie O'Leary, MA, RN, PHN, LSN VID Specialized University Independent School District 197 Karen S. Goedken, MSN, PHN Mary Orban, MA, PHN Hennepin County Minnesota Department of Health Pamela L. Guthman, DNP, RN-BC Patricia M. Schoon, DNP, MPH, RN, PHN University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Metropolitan State University PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS | 5 INTRODUCTION Linda Reveling Smith, MPH, RN, PHN Jernell Walker, BSN RN, PHN Winona State University Hennepin County Stephanie Rivery, DNP, RN, PHN Carol Wentworth, BSN, RN, PHN Dakota County Carver County Amalia Roberts, DNP, RN, PHN Maureen Wosepka, MSN, RN, PHN, LSN Dakota County St. Catherine University Anna Terry, MSN, RN, PHN Susan Zahner, DrPH, RN, FAAN Dakota County University of Wisconsin-Madison Project staff Julia Ashley, MA, PHN Minnesota Department of Health Kristin Erickson, MSN, RN, APHN-BC Minnesota Department of Health Allison Hawley March, MPH Minnesota Department of Health Reviewer notes I found the formatting and updated evidence cited in the chapters much more clear and applicable to current practice. I believe the evidence tips’ formatting makes the full chapters for each intervention on the wheel a great deal more “readable” and easier for everyone to grasp. *** Overall, this is a very straightforward way for students and public health nursing pro- fessionals alike to refer to and know exactly what an intervention encompasses, as well as ideas for implementing the intervention, and how to stay in the public health nursing swim lane when working with other health care entities in the health care system and in communities. *** I was very impressed with the comprehensiveness of the intervention definitions, ap- plications, and evidence tips. *** I appreciated using stories and application questions as appropriate triggers for dis- cussion in my teaching practice. 6 | PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS INTRODUCTION Foreword Public Health Interventions: Applications for Public Health Nursing Practice, first published in 2001 and commonly known as the Public Health Intervention Wheel, guides the actions of public health nurses and their colleagues nationally and inter- nationally across