PSPP Developers Guide GNU PSPP Statistical Analysis Software Release 1.4.1 Ben Pfaff John Darrington This manual is for GNU PSPP version 1.4.1, software for statistical analysis. Copyright c 1997, 1998, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". i Table of Contents 1 Introduction ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 2 Basic Concepts :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 2.1 Values:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 2.1.1 Numeric Values :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 2.1.2 String Values :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 2.1.3 Runtime Typed Values::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 2.2 Input and Output Formats ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 4 2.2.1 Constructing and Verifying Formats:::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 2.2.2 Format Utility Functions::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 6 2.2.3 Obtaining Properties of Format Types ::::::::::::::::::::: 6 2.2.4 Numeric Formatting Styles::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 2.2.5 Formatted Data Input and Output:::::::::::::::::::::::: 10 2.3 User-Missing Values ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 11 2.3.1 Testing for Missing Values :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 12 2.3.2 Creation and Destruction ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 12 2.3.3 Changing User-Missing Value Set Width :::::::::::::::::: 13 2.3.4 Inspecting User-Missing Value Sets:::::::::::::::::::::::: 13 2.3.5 Modifying User-Missing Value Sets:::::::::::::::::::::::: 14 2.4 Value Labels :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 15 2.4.1 Creation and Destruction ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 16 2.4.2 Value Labels Properties::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 16 2.4.3 Adding and Removing Labels ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 16 2.4.4 Iterating through Value Labels:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 17 2.5 Variables :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 18 2.5.1 Variable Name:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 18 2.5.2 Variable Type and Width ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 18 2.5.3 Variable Missing Values::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 19 2.5.4 Variable Value Labels::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 20 2.5.5 Variable Print and Write Formats ::::::::::::::::::::::::: 21 2.5.6 Variable Labels ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 22 2.5.7 GUI Attributes ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 22 2.5.8 Variable Leave Status::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 23 2.5.9 Dictionary Class :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 24 2.5.10 Variable Creation and Destruction ::::::::::::::::::::::: 25 2.5.11 Variable Short Names ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 26 2.5.12 Variable Relationships ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 27 2.5.13 Variable Auxiliary Data ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 28 2.5.14 Variable Categorical Values :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 29 2.6 Dictionaries ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 29 2.6.1 Accessing Variables ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 30 2.6.2 Creating Variables :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 30 2.6.3 Deleting Variables :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 31 ii 2.6.4 Changing Variable Order ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 32 2.6.5 Renaming Variables :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 32 2.6.6 Weight Variable :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 33 2.6.7 Filter Variable :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 33 2.6.8 Case Limit ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 34 2.6.9 Split Variables :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 34 2.6.10 File Label ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 35 2.6.11 Documents :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 35 2.7 Coding Conventions ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 36 2.8 Cases ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 36 2.9 Data Sets ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 36 2.10 Pools::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 36 3 Parsing Command Syntax ::::::::::::::::::::: 37 4 Processing Data :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 38 5 Presenting Output ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 39 6 Internationalisation :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 40 6.1 The working locales ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 40 6.1.1 The user interface locale :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 40 6.1.2 The output locale::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 40 6.1.3 The data locale ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 40 6.2 System files ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 40 6.3 GUI::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 41 6.3.1 Filenames :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 41 6.4 Existing locale handling functions:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 41 6.5 Quirks :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 42 7 Function Index ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 43 8 Concept Index:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 46 Appendix A Portable File Format :::::::::::::: 47 A.1 Portable File Characters :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 47 A.2 Portable File Structure:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 47 A.3 Portable File Header :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 48 A.4 Version and Date Info Record ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 51 A.5 Identification Records ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 51 A.6 Variable Count Record :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 51 A.7 Precision Record :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 51 A.8 Case Weight Variable Record:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 51 A.9 Variable Records :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 51 A.10 Value Label Records ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 52 iii A.11 Document Record:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 52 A.12 Portable File Data ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 52 Appendix B System File Format :::::::::::::::: 54 B.1 System File Record Structure ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 55 B.2 File Header Record ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 56 B.3 Variable Record::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 58 B.4 Value Labels Records ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 61 B.5 Document Record ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 62 B.6 Machine Integer Info Record :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 62 B.7 Machine Floating-Point Info Record ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 64 B.8 Multiple Response Sets Records ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 64 B.9 Extra Product Info Record :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 66 B.10 Variable Display Parameter Record :::::::::::::::::::::::::: 67 B.11 Long Variable Names Record::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 68 B.12 Very Long String Record ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 69 B.13 Character Encoding Record :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 70 B.14 Long String Value Labels Record::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 71 B.15 Long String Missing Values Record::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 72 B.16 Data File and Variable Attributes Records ::::::::::::::::::: 73 B.16.1 Variable Roles :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 74 B.17 Extended Number of Cases Record ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 74 B.18 Other Informational Records ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 75 B.19 Dictionary Termination Record :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 75 B.20 Data Record ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 75 Appendix C SPSS/PC+ System File Format :: 79 C.1 Record 0: Main Header Record:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 80 C.2 Record 1: Variables Record ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 81 C.3 Record 2: Labels Record :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 83 C.4 Record 3: Data Record:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 83 C.5 Records 4 and 5: Data Entry:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 84 Appendix D SPSS Viewer File Format ::::::::: 85 D.1 Structure Member Format :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 86 D.1.1 The heading Element :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 88 D.1.2 The label Element :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 90 D.1.3 The container Element ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 90 D.1.4 The text Element (Inside container):::::::::::::::::::: 90 D.1.5 The html Element ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 91 D.1.6 The table Element :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 91 D.1.7 The graph Element :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 92 D.1.8 The model Element :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 93 D.1.9 The tree Element ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 93 D.1.10 Path Elements :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 93 D.1.11 The pageSetup Element :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 94 D.1.12 The text Element (Inside pageParagraph) :::::::::::::: 95 iv D.2 Light Detail Member Format:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 96 D.2.1 Header::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 97 D.2.2 Titles :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 98 D.2.3 Footnotes :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 98 D.2.4 Areas :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 98 D.2.5 Borders :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 99 D.2.6 Print Settings::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 100 D.2.7 Table Settings :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 101 D.2.8 Formats :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 102