ISSN 0716 - 0224 MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL CHILE PUBLICACIÓN OCASIONAL N°63/2015 VERTEBRADOS FÓSILES DE CHILE DAVID RUBILAR-ROGERS, RODRIGO OTERO, ALEXANDER VARGAS y MICHEL SALLABERRY EDITORES ISSN 0716 - 0224 MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL CHILE PUBLICACIÓN OCASIONAL N° 63 / 2015 VERTEBRADOS FÓSILES DE CHILE DAVID RUBILAR-ROGERS, RODRIGO OTERO, ALEXANDER VARGAS y MICHEL SALLABERRY EDITORES Motivo de la portada Esqueleto articulado de Balaenopteridae, Mioceno, Formación Bahía Inglesa Fotografía http://cerroballena.si.edu/ 5HIHUHQFLD%LEOLRJUi¿FD Vertebrados fósiles de Chile (Rubilar-Rogers, D., R. Otero, A. Vargas, y M. Sallaberry eds). Publicación Ocasional N°63: 17-465. Este volumen está disponible para su distribución en formato pdf. Toda correspondencia debe dirigirse a: Casilla 787 – Santiago, Chile www.mnhn.cl MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN PÚBLICA Ministro de Educación Adriana Delpiano Puelma Subsecretaría de Educación Valentina Quiroga Canahuate Director de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos Ángel Cabeza Monteira PUBLICACIÓN OCASIONAL DEL MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL CHILE Director Claudio Gómez Papic Editor Herman Núñez Comité Editor Mario Elgueta Gloria Rojas David Rubilar Rubén Stehberg Editores para este volumen Rodrigo Otero David Rubilar Michel Sallaberry Alexander Vargas © Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos Inscripción N° CCCCCCCC Edición de 100 ejemplares Impreso en XXXX A Rodolfo Casamiquela (1932-2008) por sus investigaciones pioneras en vertebrados fósiles de Chile Reconstitución en vivo de †Varasichthys ariasiHQDJXDVGHORFpDQR3DOHRSDFt¿FRGXUDQWHHO2[IRUGLDQR -XUiVLFR HQXQiUHDTXHKR\FRUUHVSRQGHDOD&RUGLOOHUDGH'RPH\NR1RUWHGH&KLOH&DStWXORLos peces osteictios fósiles de &KLOH\VXLPSRUWDQFLDHQORVFRQWH[WRVSDOHRELRJHRJUi¿FR\HYROXWLYR ,OXVWUDFLyQRULJLQDOUHDOL]DGDSRU*ORULD$UUDWLD PALABRAS DEL DIRECTOR DE BIBLIOTECAS ARCHIVOS Y MUSEOS (OGHVDUUROORFLHQWt¿FRFXOWXUDOGHQXHVWURSDtVKDWHQLGRGLIHUHQWHV\JUDQGHVDFRQWHFLPLHQWRV8QRGHHOORV IXHODFUHDFLyQGHO0XVHR1DFLRQDOGH+LVWRULD1DWXUDOHQORVDOERUHVGHQXHVWUD5HS~EOLFDVLHQGRKR\HO PiVDQWLJXRGHVXWLSRHQ/DWLQRDPpULFD(QHVWHODUJRUHFRUULGRGLUHFWRUHV\FXUDGRUHVKDQKHFKRUHOHYDQ- WHVDSRUWHVDQXHVWURFRQRFLPLHQWRFLHQWt¿FRHQGLIHUHQWHViPELWRVGHODVFLHQFLDVQDWXUDOHV &RQHOSDVDUGHORVDxRVODFLHQFLDKDTXHEUDQWDGRPLWRV\UHYROXFLRQDGRPXFKRVSDUDGLJPDV VLHQGRHVSHFLDOPHQWHUHOHYDQWHVORVKDOOD]JRVHQHOFDPSRGHODSDOHRQWRORJtD(VWDGLVFLSOLQDKDDSRUWD- GRYDOLRVDVFRQWULEXFLRQHVDWUDYpVGHSXEOLFDFLRQHVFLHQWt¿FDVJHQHUDQGRLPSDFWRVVRFLDOHV\FXOWXUDOHV FRPRSRUHMHPSORHOHVSHFWDFXODUFHPHQWHULRGHLFWLRVDXULRVGH7RUUHVGHO3DLQHODJUDQDFXPXODFLyQGH EDOOHQDVIyVLOHVGH$WDFDPD\ORVLPSUHVLRQDQWHVSDUHGRQHVFRQKXHOODVGHGLQRVDXULRVHQ7DUDSDFi (VWHOLEURHVHQVtXQKLWRHQODSDOHRQWRORJtDGHYHUWHEUDGRVWDQWRDQLYHOQDFLRQDOFRPRJOREDO $ODIHFKDHVODSULPHUDSXEOLFDFLyQHQVXWLSRHQODTXHVHDFRSLDQDxRVGHWUDEDMRFLHQWt¿FRFDPSDxDVGH WHUUHQRDFWLYLGDGHVGHODERUDWRULRFRQIHUHQFLDVSUR\HFWRVHQWUHRWURVWHVWLPRQLRVGHODODERUGHXQJUXSR HPLQHQWHGHSDOHRQWyORJRVFKLOHQRV\H[WUDQMHURV(QWUHORVFRQWHQLGRVGHHVWHOLEURVREUHVDOHQODVGHVFULS- FLRQHVWDQWRGHKXHOODVGHDQ¿ELRVGHPLOORQHVGHDxRVGHDQWLJHGDGGLQRVDXULRV\JUDQGHVUHSWLOHV PDULQRVH[WLQWRVKDFHPLOORQHVGHDxRVFRPRGHWLEXURQHV\SHFHVORVHQLJPDVGHODVDYHVIyVLOHVOD HYROXFLyQ\GLVWULEXFLyQGHORVFHWiFHRVIRVLOL]DGRVKDVWDODPHVR\PHJDIDXQDUHFLHQWHPHQWHH[WLQWD 6LQGXGDHVWDSXEOLFDFLyQVHSRVLFLRQDUiFRPRXQUHIHUHQWHFLHQWt¿FRSDWULPRQLDO\HGXFDFLRQDO \DTXHSRQHHQYDORUHOFRQRFLPLHQWRJHQHUDGRGHVGHKDFHPiVGHXQVLJORHQORVLQLFLRVGHODVFLHQFLDV QDWXUDOHVSRUYDULDGRVLQYHVWLJDGRUHVFX\DVFROHFFLRQHVVHHQFXHQWUDQHQVXPD\RUtDUHVJXDUGDGDVHQHO 0XVHR1DFLRQDOGH+LVWRULD1DWXUDO ([WHQGHPRVODLQYLWDFLyQDTXHVHFRQWLQ~HFRQHOGHVDUUROORGHHVWHWLSRGHDSRUWHV\DFRQWHFL- PLHQWRVFLHQWt¿FRVWDQWRHQHO01+1FRPRHQLQVWLWXFLRQHVD¿QHV\WDPELpQDVHJXLUDYDQ]DQGRHQHO GHVFXEULPLHQWRGHQXHVWUDELRGLYHUVLGDGSDWULPRQLDOSDUDDVtFRPSUHQGHUFRQPD\RUFODULGDGGHGyQGH SURYHQLPRVTXpVXFHVRVKDQFRQ¿JXUDGRQXHVWUDKLVWRULDQDWXUDOFRPSUHQGHUFyPRVRQODVGLQiPLFDV DFWXDOHV\KDFLDGyQGHYDPRV'HHVWDPDQHUDSRGUHPRVRULHQWDUGHIRUPDySWLPDQXHVWURGHVDUUROORFLHQ- Wt¿FRSDWULPRQLDO\VRFLDO &RQHVWHKLWRHQODSDOHRQWRORJtDTXHUHPRVGHFLUTXHODKLVWRULDQDWXUDOHQ&KLOHHVXQDSDUWH LPSRUWDQWHGHOSDWULPRQLRFLHQWt¿FR\FXOWXUDOQDFLRQDOHOFXDOOD'LUHFFLyQGH%LEOLRWHFDV$UFKLYRV\ 0XVHRVVHHQRUJXOOHFHGHFXVWRGLDUHQHO0XVHR1DFLRQDOGH+LVWRULD1DWXUDO ÈQJHO&DEH]D0RQWHLUD 'LUHFWRU',%$0 PALABRAS DEL DIRECTOR DEL MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL /D0LVLyQGHO0XVHR1DFLRQDOGH+LVWRULD1DWXUDOHVJHQHUDUFRQRFLPLHQWR\SURPRYHUODYDORUDFLyQGHO SDWULPRQLRQDWXUDO\FXOWXUDOGH&KLOH\DVtIRPHQWDU\IRUWDOHFHUVXFRPSUHQVLyQHQQXHVWUDVRFLHGDG/RV REMHWLYRVGHHVWDPLVLyQVRQHYLGHQWHVFXDQGRORVXVXDULRVGHOPXVHRUHFRUUHQQXHVWUDH[KLELFLyQSHUPD- QHQWH&KLOH%LRJHRJUi¿FR\FRQWHPSODQXQDVtQWHVLVGHWRGRHOFRQRFLPLHQWRJHQHUDGRGHVGHHOVLJOR ;,;SDUDFDUDFWHUL]DUODVELRWDVDORODUJRGH&KLOH6LQHPEDUJRHQODDFWXDOLGDGXQRGHORVGHVDItRVGH QXHVWURTXHKDFHUFRPRLQVWLWXFLyQFLHQWt¿FD\SDWULPRQLDOHVJHQHUDUQXHYRFRQRFLPLHQWRUHVSHFWRGHOD KLVWRULDQDWXUDOGHOSDtVXQFRQRFLPLHQWRTXHHVWpHQODYDQJXDUGLDHQPDWHULDFLHQWt¿FD\TXHDOPLVPR WLHPSRSRVLFLRQHDO01+1FRPRXQUHIHUHQWHQDFLRQDOHQWHPDVSDWULPRQLDOHV\FLHQWt¿FRV 1RUPDOPHQWHODJHQHUDFLyQGHQXHYRFRQRFLPLHQWRRFXUUHHQHVSDFLRVTXHQRVLHPSUHGLVSRQL- EOHVSDUDODPD\RUtDGHQXHVWURVXVXDULRVHVSDFLRVTXHQRVRQHYLGHQWHVSDUDTXLHQHVYLVLWDQHOPXVHR *UDQSDUWHGHHVWHWUDEDMRGHLQYHVWLJDFLyQRFXUUHSULPHURHQWHUUHQROXHJRHQODERUDWRULRV\HQ~OWLPD LQVWDQFLDHQORVGHSyVLWRVGHFROHFFLRQHV(OWLHPSRTXHWDUGDHOFRQRFLPLHQWRHQWUDQVLWDUGHVGHVXJHQHUD- FLyQKDVWDORVXVXDULRVVHUHODFLRQDFRQHOWLHPSRTXHOHVWRPDDORVFDQDOHVGHGLIXVLyQHQHQWUHJDUGLFKRV FRQWHQGLGRVDOS~EOLFRJHQHUDO'HELGRDHVWDUD]yQHVTXHOD'LUHFFLyQGHO01+1HQXQHVIXHU]RSRU GLIXQGLUHOTXHKDFHUFLHQWt¿FRGHYDQJXDUGLDKDDSR\DGRODLGHDGHJHQHUDUXQGRFXPHQWRTXHFRPSLOHD ORVYHUWHEUDGRVIyVLOHVGH&KLOH eVWHHVHOSULPHUOLEURGHGLIXVLyQTXHVLQWHWL]DHOUHJLVWURGHODULFD\YDULDGDIDXQDIyVLOGHYHUWH- EUDGRVFKLOHQRV,QpGLWRGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDGHODGLIXVLyQFLHQWt¿FDHQHOSDtVHVWHFRPSHQGLRDEDUFD WRGRVORVJUXSRVWD[RQyPLFRVUHSUHVHQWDGRVHQHOUHJLVWURIyVLOLQFOX\HQGRSHFHVHODVPREUDQTXLRVSHFHV yVHRVDQ¿ELRV\WHWUiSRGRVEDVDOHVPRVDVDXULRVLFWLRVDXULRVSOHVLRVDXULRVWRUWXJDVDUFRVDXULRV DYHVHQ XQFDStWXORVHSDUDGR PDPtIHURVPDULQRVPDPtIHURVWHUUHVWUHVSUH\SOHLVWRFpQLFRV&DGDFDStWXORHVWi UHDOL]DGRSRUHVSHFLDOLVWDVWDQWRQDFLRQDOHVFRPRH[WUDQMHURVGHHVRVJUXSRVWD[RQyPLFRVHVSHFt¿FRV H[SHUWRVTXHIXHURQLQYLWDGRVDSDUWLFLSDUGHHVWDHGLFLyQOXHJRGHO3ULPHU6LPSRVLRGH3DOHRQWRORJtD HQ&KLOHUHDOL]DGRHODxRHQQXHVWURPXVHR(QRWUDVSDODEUDVODSUHSDUDFLyQGHHVWDSXEOLFDFLyQ GHPDQGyXQWUDEDMRGHVLHWHDxRVGHFRPSLODFLyQGHPDWHULDOFLHQWt¿FRDGHPiVGHODVDFWXDOL]DFLRQHVD SDUWLUGHQXHYRVKDOOD]JRV (VSHUDPRVTXHHVWDSXEOLFDFLyQVHWUDQVIRUPHHQPDWHULDOGHFRQVXOWDVREUHFLHQFLD\SDWULPRQLR SDOHRQWROyJLFRHQHOSDtV\HVSHUDPRVWDPELpQTXHHVWpSUHVHQWHHQORVFHQWURVHGXFDFLRQDOHV\SDWULPR- QLDOHVPiVLPSRUWDQWHVGHOSDtVWDOHVFRPRXQLYHUVLGDGHV\HO&RQVHMRGH0RQXPHQWRV1DFLRQDOHV$VL- PLVPRVHJXUDPHQWHHVWHGRFXPHQWRVHUiFRQVXOWDGRDQLYHOPXQGLDO\DTXHH[LVWHJUDQLQWHUpVGHSDUWHGH RWURVSDtVHVGHFRQRFHUDFHUFDGHOSDWULPRQLRSDOHRQWROyJLFRGH&KLOH /DPD\RUSDUWHGHOPDWHULDOUHIHULGRHQHVWDSXEOLFDFLyQVHHQFXHQWUDUHVJXDUGDGRHQHO01+1 ORTXHKDFHS~EOLFDODLQIRUPDFLyQ\HOFRQRFLPLHQWRUHVSHFWRGHXQDGHODVFROHFFLRQHVPiVLQWHUHVDQWHV GHQXHVWUDLQVWLWXFLyQ$GHPiVODSXEOLFDFLyQGHHVWHGRFXPHQWRSRVLFLRQDDO01+1FRPRFXVWRGLRGH ODFROHFFLyQGHYHUWHEUDGRVIyVLOHVPiVFRPSOHWDGH&KLOH\ODTXHSRVHHPD\RUFDQWLGDGGHPDWHULDOHV WLSRGHpVWRVPLVPRV&RQHOORWDPELpQFXPSOLPRVFRQQXHVWURPDQGDWRGHJHQHUDUFRQRFLPLHQWRVREUHHO SDWULPRQLRQDWXUDO\FXOWXUDO\DFHUFDUORDODFRPXQLGDGSDUDTXHpVWDORYDORUH\ORFXLGH 3RU~OWLPRHVSRVLEOHD¿UPDUTXHHVWHOLEURUHSUHVHQWDXQDVLJQL¿FDWLYDSLH]DIDOWDQWHHQODKLV- WRULDQDWXUDOGHQXHVWURSDtVDVXQWRTXHHVSHUDPRVPRWLYHQXHYRVWUDEDMRV\SXEOLFDFLRQHVHQHVWHDSDVLR- QDQWHFDPSRGHOVDEHU &ODXGLR*yPH]3DSLF 'LUHFWRU01+1 PALABRAS INTRODUCTORIAS 3RUGpFDGDVHOUHJLVWURIyVLOGHYHUWHEUDGRVHQ&KLOHIXHH[LJXRUHVWULQJLGRDSRFRVKDOOD]JRVPXFKRVGH HOORVIRUWXLWRV(QFRQWUDSRVLFLyQDHVWDVLWXDFLyQJUDQGHV¿JXUDVGHODFLHQFLDHQWUHHOORV&KDUOHV'DUZLQ 5XGROSK3KLOLSSL\&ODXGH*D\HQWUHRWURVQRWDURQWHPSUDQDPHQWHHOYDORUGHHVWHUHJLVWURDODYH]TXH GLHURQDFRQRFHUGHVGHHOVLJOR;,;UHVWRVGHYHUWHEUDGRVIyVLOHVKDOODGRVHQHVWHH[yWLFRULQFyQOODPDGR &KLOH(VWRQRHVXQDPHUDFRLQFLGHQFLDGDGRTXHDWUDYpVGHODKLVWRULDJHROyJLFDGHQXHVWURSODQHWD &KLOHKDVLGRHQIRUPDUHODWLYDPHQWHSHUVLVWHQWHHOWHUULWRULRTXHFRQIRUPyHOPDUJHQVXURFFLGHQWDOGH 3DQJHDOXHJRGH*RQGZDQD\¿QDOPHQWHGH6XGDPpULFD'HELGRDHVWRORVGHSyVLWRVVHGLPHQWDULRVTXH VHHQFXHQWUDQHQHOSDtVDOEHUJDQHYLGHQFLDIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDFRPSUHQGHUODHYROXFLyQGHODVELRWDVGH YHUWHEUDGRVPDULQRVGHODQWLJXR3DQWKDODVVD\SRVWHULRUPHQWHGHO2FpDQR3DFt¿FR(VWDHYLGHQFLDHVGH DOWDUHOHYDQFLDSDUDFRPSUHQGHUORVFDPELRVH[SHULPHQWDGRVSRUGLFKDIDXQDHQHVWHPDUJHQGHOSODQHWDD WUDYpVGHOWLHPSRFRQVLGHUDQGRTXH$PpULFDGHO6XUIXHDQWLJXDPHQWHSDUWHGHXQPHJDFRQWLQHQWHSRVWH- ULRUPHQWHXQDLVOD\¿QDOPHQWHXQDJUDQPDVDHVFDVDPHQWHFRQHFWDGDFRQ1RUWHDPpULFDDWUDYpVXQSXHQWH FRQWLQHQWDO$ORDQWHULRUVHVXPDHO³UHFLHQWH´DO]DPLHQWRGHOD&RUGLOOHUDGH/RV$QGHV\ODFRQIRUPDFLyQ GHGHVLHUWRVGXUDQWHHO3OHLVWRFHQRORTXHKDRFDVLRQDGRTXHQXHVWUDDFWXDOIDXQDGHYHUWHEUDGRVVHDEDV- WDQWHGLYHUJHQWHGHODVIRUPDVTXHDQWLJXDPHQWHKDELWDURQ&KLOH (QHVWHVHQWLGRODSUHVHQWHSXEOLFDFLyQEXVFDHQWUHJDUDOOHFWRUXQDFHUFDPLHQWRVLQWpWLFRVREUH ODVIRUPDVGHYHUWHEUDGRVTXHKDELWDURQQXHVWURSDtVGXUDQWHVXSDVDGRJHROyJLFRPRVWUDQGRXQDIDXQD PXFKDVYHFHVLQVRVSHFKDGDODTXHH[LVWLyHQORVPLVPRVOXJDUHVFRPXQHVHQGRQGHKR\KDELWDPRV\ FX\DUHDOGLYHUVLGDGFRPLHQ]DDGHYHODUVHSDXODWLQDPHQWHHQODPHGLGDTXHSURVLJXHQODVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHV VREUHYHUWHEUDGRVIyVLOHV(VWDSXEOLFDFLyQHVXQDUHYLVLyQJHQHUDOGHORVSULQFLSDOHVJUXSRVDQLPDOHVTXH FRQIRUPDQHOSDWULPRQLRSDOHRQWROyJLFRGHYHUWHEUDGRVDQLYHOQDFLRQDO&DGDFDStWXORIXHUHDOL]DGRSRU HVSHFLDOLVWDVQDFLRQDOHVHLQWHUQDFLRQDOHVHQORVGLIHUHQWHVJUXSRVWD[RQyPLFRVHQORVTXHIXHGLYLGLGRHVWH OLEUR\HODERUDGRGHPDQHUDWDOTXHSHUPLWDXQIiFLOHQWHQGLPLHQWRGHODGLVWULEXFLyQJHRJUi¿FDWHPSRUDO