This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Mason, Adrienne Title: Translating Landscape History the translator as knowledge-producer General rights Access to the thesis is subject to the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International Public License. A copy of this may be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode This license sets out your rights and the restrictions that apply to your access to the thesis so it is important you read this before proceeding. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to having it been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you consider to be unlawful e.g. breaches of copyright (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact [email protected] and include the following information in your message: •Your contact details •Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL •An outline nature of the complaint Your claim will be investigated and, where appropriate, the item in question will be removed from public view as soon as possible. Translating Landscape History: the translator as knowledge-producer Adrienne Mason A dissertation submitted to the University of Bristol in accordance with the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts, School of Modern Languages. April 2018 78,941 words Abstract Authorship is a key indicator of individual scholarly distinction. Academic translators, however, are not academic authors and their status as co-producers of new knowledge is denied by the prevalent institutional assumption that they do no more than reproduce existing scholarship. My aim in this thesis is to challenge that preconception by showing how translators work interactively with others to produce texts which contribute independently to scholarship as hybrid discourses of knowledge, and by demonstrating that translation practice expands our knowledge of translation itself. As the basis for these claims, I use my translation for the University of Pennsylvania Press of Naissance et renaissance du paysage, a monograph on landscape history by Michel Baridon (1926-2009), published in 2006 by Actes Sud. Within a framework combining Bourdieusian approaches and Latour’s actor-network-theory, I analyse my participation in the ‘making’ of that translation. All academic texts are produced and validated collaboratively in the academic communities to which they contribute. I argue that new technologies create a bilingual ‘laboratory’ in which authorial, translatorial and editorial roles and responsibilities can be holistically combined to increase the transformative potential of translation projects and expand the social limits of the translator-function. My construction of scholarly comparability between source and target texts during the translation process illustrates the translator’s role as a co-producer of new knowledge and evidences the interpretative power of translated texts in the production of new historical narratives. My contribution to Translation Studies is twofold: I show how interactive networks of translation production can optimise the epistemological and discursive hybridity of translated academic texts, and I demonstrate that translation practice can make a distinctive, independent contribution to scholarship. On that basis, I argue that practitioner-researchers should be mainstreamed within research communities as co-producers of knowledge and translations acknowledged as a research output. i Dedication and Acknowledgments I would like to thank my two supervisors, Carol O’Sullivan and Susan Harrow, for their tireless support, guidance and encouragement throughout this project. I feel privileged to have had the benefit of their expertise and insight. I am also deeply grateful to Roy Youdale for his friendship and generosity in sharing his technical expertise. Damien McManus and his colleagues in the interlibrary loan service solved many bibliographical problems with skill and good humour and Marianne Ailes patiently fielded innumerable questions, ranging from translating Charlemagne to identifying Icelandic sagas. Philip Booth was most helpful on Crusader texts and Tim Webb helped me solve a conundrum on James Joyce and the Wild Irish. Russon Woolridge kindly allowed me to reproduce an image from his Site Vitruve. I would also like to record my warmest gratitude for the support and enthusiasm of the Baridon family, who made their private archive available to me and spent many hours helping review the art work needed for the translation. As copyright holders of the source text, they willingly allowed radical adaptations of Naissance et renaissance du paysage in its English form. John Dixon Hunt was equally generous in accepting this project and agreeing to revise my draft translation. His colleagues at Penn Press were similarly ready with help and advice. My long-suffering husband painstakingly checked my translation, acted as sounding board, and never stopped believing in me. It is to him and to my daughter that I dedicate this study. ii Author’s declaration I declare that the work in this dissertation was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the University’s Code of Practice for Research Degree Programmes and that it has not been submitted for any other academic award. Except where indicated by specific reference in the text, the work is the candidate’s own work. Work done in collaboration with, or with the assistance of, others is indicated as such. Any views expressed in the dissertation are those of the author. SIGNED: Adrienne Mason DATE: iii Table of Contents List of Figures vi List of Tables vii List of Abbreviations viii Introduction.................................................................................................... 1 Why academic translation? The context and contribution of this study 1 Concepts and practice: a dialogue 10 Methodology and structure 24 Chapter 1. Networks and Networking ....................................................... 33 National and international networks 34 Disciplinary networks and the challenges of ‘boundary rhetoric’ 40 The gates of Versailles: new networks, new publishers, new readers 43 Translations and translation networks 48 Chapter 2. From Gardens to Landscape: a textual ‘promenade’ ........... 52 ‘La nébuleuse paysage’: a shifting concept 53 Polemics and policy-making: the national context for Naissance 55 Social action and a space for knowledge exchange 63 ‘Un travail de réactivation’: Naissance and Anglophone scholarship 66 Walking the landscape: rêveries du promeneur sociable 70 ‘Interesting Writing’: innovation, difference and translation 76 Chapter 3. The Liminal Zones and the Limits of Translatorship ........... 79 The outermost peritext: the translator as authorial ally 82 The voice of the editor-in-text 86 A rhetoric of rapprochement: building consensus in the authorial preface 95 Signposting the route: logos and pathos in the new preface 99 iv An authorial proxy: acting in the author’s ‘best interests’? 106 Chapter 4. Constructing the Translator’s Voice .................................... 110 The core authorial discourse: evaluative perspectives and ‘critical points’ 112 Communicating the reading path: a dialogue between text and image 116 ‘Ce style qui paraissait couler de source’: digressivity and direction 119 Dialogicity and truth claims: empathy and assertion 135 Validation and value: a collaborative dynamic 146 Chapter 5. Intertextual Voices.................................................................. 148 Interdisciplinary voices: exploring and information-gathering 150 From ‘exploration’ to ‘translation’: scholarly voices in the translated text 161 Voices from the past: intertexts and images as translation producers 170 The lineaments of landscape: a ‘foreign mental world’ 185 Intertextual voices: research communities 196 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 199 Beating the bounds: the scope and limits of translatorship 199 The translator as knowledge-producer 204 Kairos and collaboration 209 Bibliography ............................................................................................... 216 Appendices (supplied on a memory stick in Microsoft Word.docx format) Appendix 1: Reports from publisher’s readers Appendix 2: Extracts from the translator’s files (Drafts 1 and 2) Appendix 3: Translator’s files (Draft 3) Appendix 4: Revised list of illustrations Appendix 5: Sequence of quotations and images v List of Figures Figure 1 Simon Bening, Penitent Saint Jerome, c. 1515-1520 ................................ 83 Figure 2 Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Allegory of Good Government, 1338-1339 ........... 84 Figure 3 Tomb Chapel of Nebamun at Thebes ...................................................... 173 Figure 4 La scène satyrique: Vitruve, V. ............................................................... 194 vi List of Tables Table 1 Editorial queries and suggested revisions ................................................. 120 Table 2 Translator's comments and queries ........................................................... 120