Siaya County Prioritized Value Chains Suitability Atlas October, 2020 i Indigenous chicken, mango and fish FOREWORD A thriving commercialized agricultural sector is critical to the realization of Kenya’s blue print vision 2030. Agricultural sector is the backbone of the economy with a great potential for growth and transformation. The Kenyan economy is substantially driven by a thriving agriculture sector that is contributing 33% of total GDP, 60% of informal employment and 60% of exports. Through public and private sector involvement, progress is being made in the modernization of agricultural sector through market led approaches. Early signs of progress include productivity gains, yield increases, rising incomes, declining poverty among others. The Agricultural Sector Growth and Transformation Strategy (ASGTS) 2019-2029 provide a road map for the transformation. It identifies three anchors that are pivotal in the attainment of vision 2030, the Malabo Declaration under the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The strategic pillars target to increase small-scale farmer, pastoralist and fisher folk incomes, Increase agricultural output and value addition and address household food resilience Siaya County with its vast agricultural resources is uniquely placed to harness the existing natural, physical, financial, social and human capital to bring about the desired change. In pursuance of the agricultural transformation strategy, foundational initiatives that twin food security and commercialization agenda are in place courtesy of the county government of Siaya and other sector players. For instance, a robust farm input subsidy and mechanization program is being implemented in the county to enhance food and nutrition security. Agriculture Sector Development Support Program (ASDSP II) I is building on this foundation to transform and develop the value chains of fish, mango and chicken into commercial enterprises for improved incomes, food and nutrition security. Its approach is fourfold; increasing productivity of priority value chains while enabling private sector investment; strengthening entrepreneurial skills of Value Chain Actors (VCAs); improving access to markets by VCAs and strengthening structures and capacities for coordination. The suitability mapping is supposed to enhance value chain production for economic development. Focus was on the most productive and suitable value chains for maximum exploitation. This process was highly participatory and involved stakeholders drawn from the ii Ministry of Agriculture – ASDSP and the county government’s department of Land physical and land use planning directorates. The maps so prepared are to guide in the promotion of the value chains and are to be incorporated in the physical and land use planning processes. Apart from this, the maps will be handy in the formulation of regulations and guidelines to safeguard on the value chains. The aim of this value chain suitability mapping atlas is therefore to establish the current status of the value chains with respect to their productivity, entrepreneurial skills, market access and the chain governance. The report also sheds light on the performance of the value chains based on their potential to support livelihoods using the World Bank per capita income benchmark. The Atlas also suggests possible adaptation measures that could be implemented to increase competitiveness. The measures suggested are targeted at addressing the constraints and challenges that affect value chain productivity. I recommend this atlas to partners, value chain actors, sector extension and development agents to inform the choice placement and development of the three prioritized value chains. It is a tool that can also be replicated to inform development of other value chains in the County. I would therefore urge you to read and apply it’s useful suggestions. Hon. Dr. Elizabeth Odhiambo, County Executive Committee Member, Agriculture, Livestock & Fisheries, Siaya County , iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The ASDSP is implemented at county level in all the 6 sub- counties through the established County Programme Secretariat (CPS). The purpose of the suitability mapping exercise was thus to classify the level of suitability of existing biophysical, social, economic and political parameters in the promotion and commercialisation of the fish, mango and indigenous value chains in Siaya County. I take this opportunity to extend special recognition and appreciation to the following people who made invaluable contributions that led to the success and production of this Atlas; Hon. Elizabeth Odhiambo, CECM, Department of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, for her leadership and support that enabled the realisation of this Atlas and Mr Charles Siso, Chief Officer Department of Agriculture, livestock and Fisheries for technical guidance. I would also wish to mention Siaya CPS staff, the entire County physical planning office and all the sector directors and staff for providing technical and logistical support. Not to be left out are all the value chain actors, the service providers and NPS for providing the data and leading the development of the Atlas. Kenneth Otieno Owuor, County Programme Coordinator, Agriculture Sector Development Support Programme II, Siaya County iv Published by the ©The Agricultural Sector Development Support Programme Offices Hill Plaza, Community Hill Nairobi and County Hqs National and Siaya County P.O. Box 30028-00100, Nairobi, Kenya PO Box P.O. Box 849-40600 Siaya, Kenya October 2020 Text Orodi Odhiambo Johannes (Technical Assistance), Richard Ndegwa (Programme Coordinator ASDSP), Mikael Segerros (Technical Assistance), Benjamin Ndegwa (Specialist, Climate Smart Agriculture), Christian Thine Omuto (University of Nairobi), Robert C. Kandagor (University of Nairobi) and Paul Orina (KEMFRI), Maurice Ochieng’ (Geospatial, Siaya) Editors Paul Orina (Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, KEMFRI), Orodi Odhiambo Johannes (Technical Assistance) and Paul Wandere (Dairy Training Institute) v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Siaya County is one of the six counties in Nyanza region. It has a land surface area of approximately 2,530 km² and water surface area of approximately 1,005 km2. It borders Busia, Vihiga, Kakamega, Kisumu, and Homabay Counties. It approximately lies between latitude 0º 26´South to 0º 18´ North and longitude 33º 58´ and 34º 33´East. The county consists of six sub-counties and thirty wards; Alego Usonga, Bondo and Gem each with six wards and Rarieda, Ugenya and Ugunja sub-counties with five, four and three wards respectively. Of the six sub-counties, Alego Usonga is the largest with an approximate area of 605.8 km2 while Ugunja is the smallest with an approximate area of 200.9 km2. The County experiences a bi-modal rainfall, with long rains falling between March and June and short rains between September and December. The relief and the altitude influence its distribution and amount. Siaya County is drier in the southern part towards Bondo and Rarieda sub-counties and is wetter towards the higher altitudes in the northern part particularly Gem, Ugunja and Ugenya sub-counties. On the highlands, the rainfall ranges between 800mm – 2,000mm while lower areas receive rainfall ranging between 800 – 1,600mm. Temperatures vary with altitude rising from 21° C in the North East to about 22.50° C along the shores of Lake Victoria. In the South, it ranges from mean minimum temperature of 16.3° C to a mean maximum temperature of 29.1° C. Humidity is relatively high with mean evaporation being between 1,800mm to 2,200mm per annum. The relative humidity ranges between 73 per cent in the morning to 52 per cent in the afternoon. The County spreads across agro-ecological zones LM1 to LM 5. According to the Kenya Soil Survey and Integrated Regional Development plan for the Lake Basin Development Authority, the lower part of the County and especially the shores of Lake Victoria can be categorized into semi-humid, semi-dry Lower Midland zones (LM4 and LM5). These zones cover the whole of Uyoma in Rarieda Sub-County and Yimbo in Bondo Sub-County. The lower central parts of the County, covering the whole of Sakwa and Asembo in Bondo and Rarieda Sub-counties respectively and the lower parts of Boro Division are classified as the midland zone LM3. The northern part of the County comprising Gem, Ugunja and Ugenya Sub-counties and the upper parts of Boro Division in Alego Usonga Sub-County are classified as the low-midland zones vi (LM2 and LM3). These are sub-humid and humid zones with reliable precipitation. There are also pockets of upper midland zones (about 30sq.kms) in Yala Division, Gem Sub-County with a high potential for agricultural activity. Sustainability of the ecosystem productivity and biodiversity requires quantification of quality and quantity of natural resources and their suitability for a range of land use in the planning process of future rural, urban and industrial activities. This is an important aspect in sustainable value chain development for resilient livelihoods. A resource map gives information regarding the occurrence, distribution, access to and use of resources; topography; human settlements; and activities of a community or an area in relation to community members. It’s important because it aids in the identification of constrains, mitigations and overall prevailing opportunities. The County prioritized value chains (PVCs) namely fish, indigenous chicken