MID-TERM EVALUATION REPORT SUPPORTING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF COMMUNITY POLICING IN PAPUA, PAPUA BARAT, AND MALUKU BY CIRCLE INDONESIA TEAM Dr. Henri Sitorus (Team Leader) Yohannes da Masenus Arus (Team Member) Maria Rosario (Team Member) Tenti Novari Kurniawati (Team Member) Deddy Heriyanto (Team Member) Sugi Astuti (Team Member) CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... ii LIST OF BOXES ................................................................................................................. ii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. ii LIST OF GRAPHS ............................................................................................................. iii PREFACE .......................................................................................................................... iv ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................. v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. vi 1. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................... 1 2. PROJECT SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 2 2.1. Project Theory of Change ............................................................................................................. 2 3. OBJECTIVES OF THE EVALUATION ....................................................................... 7 4. METHODOLOGY AND RESPONDENT PROFILES .............................................. 10 4.1. Study Area ..................................................................................................................................... 10 4.2. Data Gathering & Sampling Method ........................................................................................ 10 5. PROJECT RELEVANCE TO SECURITY AND SOCIAL ORDER ........................... 19 6. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY TO SUPPORT HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED COMMUNITY POLICING ..............................................................................................25 6.1. Institutional capacity of education and training institutions to support human rights-based community policing ............................................................................................................................. 25 6.2. Capability to maintain and roll out human rights-based community policing .................... 28 6.3. Knowledge and skills in human rights-based community policing policies, procedures and implementation .................................................................................................................................... 30 6.4. Professionalism of the Police ..................................................................................................... 33 7. POLICE AND COMMUNITY RELATIONS AND COMMUNITY POLICING .....40 7.1. Communication Strategies and Participatory Engagement for Community Policing ........ 40 7.2. Sustainability of Community Policing Forums ........................................................................ 46 8. PROJECT IMPACT .......................................................................................................64 8.1. Social Services Initiatives ............................................................................................................ 64 8.2 Observed Impact ........................................................................................................................... 64 8.2. Case Studies of the Impacts ........................................................................................................ 65 9. LESSONS LEARNED AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..............................................70 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................72 ANNEXES .........................................................................................................................73 i LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Outputs and Activities of the 2013-2017 Project ................................................................... 3 Table 2: Outcomes and Activities of the Present Project ..................................................................... 4 Table 3: Study Location ........................................................................................................................... 10 Table 4: Population of the Study ............................................................................................................ 12 Table 5: Survey Sample ............................................................................................................................ 13 Table 6: Livelihoods of the Community Respondents ........................................................................ 16 Table 7: Differences between control groups and treatment groups ................................................ 17 Table 8: Assessment of security situation .............................................................................................. 22 Table 9: Regression Analysis on security situation in the village day and night .............................. 23 Table 10: Respondents’ Perceptions of the Prevalence of Crime and Security Disturbances....... 23 Table 11: Statistical Test on Comparison between Prevalence of Crimes between Target and Control Areas ............................................................................................................................................ 24 Table 12: Number of CPFs Replicated at Village Level Outside the IOM Project Area .............. 29 Table 13: Means Comparison of Police Professionalism between Target and Control Villages .. 38 Table 14: Institutions to Which Crimes are Reported ......................................................................... 44 Table 15: Comparison on Institution to Report................................................................................... 45 Table 16: Awareness of Community Policing ...................................................................................... 46 Table 17: Chi-Square Tests of Respondent Awareness of CPF......................................................... 46 Table 18: Chi-Square Tests for Participation in Community Policing .............................................. 47 Table 19: Crime Reporting in 2018 ........................................................................................................ 49 Table 20: Principal Component Analysis on observing the local situation ...................................... 50 Table 21: Respondents’ participation in security and social order activities .................................... 52 Table 22: Frequency of Respondent Participation in CPF Activities ............................................... 52 Table 23: Frequency of Respondent Attendance at Community Policing Briefings ...................... 53 Table 24: Participation of Police in the Training on Community Policing ...................................... 55 Table 25: Respondents’ understanding of CPF function .................................................................... 56 Table 26: Joint Activities Between Police and Community.................................................................. 61 LIST OF BOXES Box 1: The Three Roles of the Police ……………………………………………………… 26 Box 2: Community Policing Model …………………………………………………………28 Box 3: Case Study of RM PAPEDA ……………………………………………………… 42 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: ToC for Supporting the Sustainability of Community Policing in Papua, Papua Barat, and Maluku …………………………………………………………….6 Figure 2: YouTube Videos of Community Policing Activities in Papua………………………..43 ii LIST OF GRAPHS Graph 1: Community Respondents by Gender ................................................................................... 14 Graph 2: Police Respondents by Gender .............................................................................................. 14 Graph 3: Ethnic Background of the Community Respondents ........................................................ 15 Graph 4: Comparison of Ethnic Background of the Community respondents .............................. 15 Graph 5: Comparison of Ethnic Background of the Police respondents ........................................ 16 Graph 6: Crime Rate in Papua Barat...................................................................................................... 19 Graph 7: Reported Crimes in Papua ...................................................................................................... 19 Graph 8: Perceptions of Security in the Community during the Day ............................................... 20 Graph 9: Perceptions of Security in the Community at Night ........................................................... 21 Graph 10: Equal Treatment of People Regardless of Ethnic Background ...................................... 34 Graph 11: Equal Outreach of Services for All Locations ................................................................... 35 Graph 12: Police Officers Have Shown Concern or Treat People Better ....................................... 35 Graph 13: Police Officers Teat People with Respect .........................................................................