Zootaxa 1119: 59–68 (2006) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1119 Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) New species of Loandalia (Polychaeta: Pilargidae) from Queensland, Australia SHONA MARKS1 & SCOTT HOCKNULL2 1 S. A. Marks. CSIRO Marine Research, PO Box 120, Cleveland QLD 4163. [email protected]. 2 S. A. Hocknull. Queensland Museum, 122 Gerler Rd Hendra QLD 4711. [email protected] Abstract Two new species of Loandalia are described from Queensland, Australia. Loandalia fredrayorum sp. nov. is described from Moreton Bay, south eastern Queensland and is distinguished from all other species of Loandalia by the presence of singular palpostyles; uniramous parapodia at chaetiger 1; an emergent notopodial spine at chaetiger 9; neurochaetae numbering 20–24; ventral cirri begin on chaetiger 7 and the pygidium with two lateral papillae-like anal cirri. Loandalia gladstonensis sp. nov. is described from Gladstone Harbour, central eastern Queensland and is distinguished from all other species of Loandalia by the presence of bifid palpostyles; chaetiger 1 uniramous with remaining chaetigers biramous; an emergent notopodial spine from chaetiger 7–8; ventral cirri present from chaetiger 5 and neurochaetae numbering 5–6. Key words: Loandalia fredrayorum sp. nov., Loandalia gladstonensis sp.nov., Pilargidae, Queensland, Australia, new species, systematics. Introduction Saint-Joseph (1899) established the Pilargidae for the new species Pilargis verrucosa Saint-Joseph. Prior to this, pilargids had been placed in several different families including the Syllidae, Hesionidae and Polynoidae (Licher & Westheide 1994). Recent cladistic analyses of the Phyllodocida firmly recognise Pilargidae as a distinct clade (Glasby 1993; Pleijel & Dahlgren 1998). Hutchings and Johnson (2003) and Licher and Westheide (1994) recognise twelve pilargid genera including Loandalia Monro, 1936 and Parandalia Emerson & Fauchald, 1971, however, Salazar-Vallejo (1998) considers Parandalia to be a junior synonym of Loandalia due to an absence of autapomorphic characteristics. Talehsapia Fauvel, 1932 and Loandalia share the closest morphological features, including a nearly complete Accepted by G. Rouse: 2 Dec. 2005; published: 30 Jan. 2006 59 ZOOTAXA absence of all cephalic appendages and a strong reduction of the dorsal and ventral cirri. 1119 Talehsapia is distinguished from Loandalia by the presence of jaws. Licher and Westheide (1994) suggest that the reduced features seen throughout Pilargidae, especially in Loandalia, are due to a progenetic retention of juvenile morphology, from an ancestral hesionid. The three genera Sigambra, Ancistrosyllis and Synelmis, listed by Hartmann-Schröder (1959) and Hutchings and Murray (1984) have been reported from Australia. This has recently been amended to include undescribed species of Cabira, Litocorsa, Loandalia, Parandalia and Pilargis by Glasby (2000). Fifteen Loandalia species are recognized worldwide with most species occurring in the Central and North American regions, in particular, the Gulf of Mexico (Fig 1). Loandalia fauveli and L. tricuspis have the widest distribution of all Loandalia species. Loandalia fauveli is found farthest north to Alaska (Banse & Hobson 1974) and south to Chile (Rozbaczylo & Quiroga 2000). Loandalia tricuspis is found farthest south to Uruguay and north to the Gulf of Mexico (Salazar-Vallejo & Orensanz 1991). Loandalia indica, L. aberrans and L. maculata are all found outside this western hemisphere distribution, occurring respectively in the Arabian Sea west of India (Thomas 1963); coastal Angola (Monro 1936); and off the Ivory Coast (Intes & Le Loeuff 1975). The first reports of two new species from the South Western Pacific of Australia are presented herein. FIGURE 1. World distribution map of Loandalia species. L. aberrans, solid triangle; L. americana, solid diamond; L. bennei, left-hand open triangle; L. evelinae, open triangle; L. fauveli, solid circle; L. fredrayorum sp. nov. solid star; L. gladstonensis sp. nov. open star; L. gracilis, open square; L. indica, open diamond; L. maculata, solid cross; L. ocularis, open circle; L. riojai, solid cross in circle; L. salazarvallejoi, solid hexagon; L. tricuspis, solid square; L. vivianneae, upside- down solid triangle. 60 © 2006 Magnolia Press MARKS & HOCKNULL Loandalia species occur in a variety of habitats. Loandalia americana was reported by ZOOTAXA Hartman (1947) and L. bennei by Solís-Weiss (1983) from shallow intertidal areas and 1119 sandy beaches. Loandalia vivianneae was reported by Salazar-Vallejo & Reyes-Barragán (1990) from seagrass beds and mangrove forests, whilst L. indica and L. ocularis have been found in estuaries and mud flats (Thomas 1963; Emerson & Fauchald 1971). Species of Loandalia have been found at varying depths, up to 106 m reported for L. evelinae by León-González (1991). Specimens referred to here as Loandalia fredrayorum sp. nov. and L. gladstonensis sp. nov. are deposited in the Queensland Museum and are given the collection prefix QMC G. Types species of Loandalia are in the Natural History Museum London collections, prefix NHM. Systematics Order Phyllodocida Dales Family Pilargidae Saint-Joseph Genus Loandalia Monro Type Species: Loandalia aberrans Monro, 1936. Type number NHM 1936-2-8-3376. [Angola, Africa] Generic composition: L. americana Hartman (1947), [Gulf of Mexico]; L. bennei (Solís-Weiss 1983), [Mazatlan Bay, Mexico]; L. evelinae (León-González 1991), [Bahia of California]; L. fauveli Berkeley & Berkeley (1941), [Southern California]; L. fredrayorum sp. nov., [Moreton Bay, Australia]; L. gladstonensis sp. nov., [Gladstone Harbour, Australia]; L. gracilis Hartmann-Schröder (1959), [El Salvador]; L. indica Thomas (1963), [Arabian Sea]; L. maculata Intes & Le Loeuff (1975), [Ivory Coast]; L. ocularis Emerson & Fauchald (1971), [Santa Barbara, California]; L. riojai Salazar-Vallejo (1986), [Bahia of Manzanillo, Mexico]; L .salazarvallejoi León-González (1991), [Western Coast of Baja California, Mexico]; L. tricuspis Müller (1858), [Brazil]; L. vivianneae (Salazar-Vallejo & Reyes-Barragán 1990), [Eastern Mexico]. Diagnosis: Body cylindrical. Prostomium wider then long and reduced; biarticulated palps reduced. Median and lateral antennae absent; peristomial cirri absent. Jaws absent. Emergent notopodia spine present, straight; capillary notochaetae present, beside spine; notoacicula absent. Dorsal cirri absent (except L. aberrans). Ventral cirri present. A NEW LOANDALIA © 2006 Magnolia Press 61 ZOOTAXA Loandalia fredrayorum sp. nov. 1119 Fig. 2, a–d. Etymology: For Frederick Marks and Raymond Fitzgerald. Material: Holotype. QMC G223179, Loandalia fredrayorum sp. nov. [Middle Banks Moreton Bay, S27°12’, E153°19’, collected July/ August 1982]. Paratype. QMC G223180 [Middle Banks Moreton Bay, S27°12’, E153°19’, July/ August 1982]. Habitat is a submerged sandbank with a depth of 3–11 m. Diagnosis: Singular palpostyles. Parapodia uniramous on chaetiger 1, thereafter biramous; notopodial spine emergent at chaetiger 9; notopodial chaetae numbering 2–4; neurochaetae numbering 20–24; ventral cirri from chaetiger 7; dorsally positioned anus with two lateral papillae-like anal cirri. FIGURE 2. Loandalia fredrayorum sp. nov. Holotype QMC G223179 a) Anterior region, dorsal view. Scale = 1mm. b) Parapodia of chaetiger 21, anterior view right side, Scale = 0.2mm. c) Posterior region, dorsal view, Scale = 0.5mm. d) Posterior region, ventral view, Scale = 0.5mm. Description: Pilargid of large size, length 181mm, width 1.85mm (without chaetae), 2.55 (with chaetae); 218 chaetigers. Body of preserved individuals creamy/white to reddish/brown. 62 © 2006 Magnolia Press MARKS & HOCKNULL Body corpulent; posterior segments slightly dorso-ventrally flattened. Chaetiger 1–6 ZOOTAXA inflated, with segmentation inconspicuous, surface areolated; lateral-grooves extend from 1119 first parapodia to pygidium (Fig 2, a). Prostomium discrete; palpophores divided; palpostyles are singular and papillae-like. Pharynx eversible; eye spots absent. First parapodium uniramous with remaining chaetigers biramous; notopodial lobes present at chaetiger 2, fully developed by chaetiger 6; 2–4 notochaetae present from chaetiger 2; notopodial spines weakly emerging at chaetiger 9, fully emergent at chaetiger 46. Neuropodial lobe larger than notopodia, reduced in chaetiger 1–4; simple curved neurochaetae with numerous whorled teeth; Neurochaetae in 5–6 bundles of 4, totalling 20–24 neurochaetae per parapodia; emergent neuroacicula from chaetiger 1, positioned anterior to chaetae. Ventral cirri appears from chaetiger 7, fully developed on chaetiger 8– 9 (Fig 2, b). Two most posterior segments possesses emergent notopodial spines and neuroacicula, chaetae are absent, with considerably reduced parapodia lobes. Pygidium as an anal plate, 2 lateral anal cirri present, papillae-like, mid ventral anal cirrus not visible; ventral surface of pygidium plate has ‘m’ like groove (Fig 2, d); anus is positioned dorsally (Fig 2, c). Remarks: Loandalia fredrayorum differs from all other species of Loandalia by possessing the highest neurochaetae count, 20–24. L. fredrayorum differs from L. aberrans, L. gracilis, L. indica and L. ocularis by possessing uniramous parapodia only on chaetiger 1, rest biramous. Differs further from L. aberrans by the absence of dorsal cirri. L. fredrayorum differs from L. bennei, L. evelinae, L. riojai and L. gladstonensis sp. nov. by possessing singular palpostyles.