Appendix K Appendix K Maritime heritage January 2020 Roads and Maritime Services Western Harbour Tunnel and Warringah Freeway Upgrade Technical working paper: Maritime heritage January 2020 Prepared for Roads and Maritime Prepared by Cosmos Archaeology Pty Ltd © Roads and Maritime The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of Roads and Maritime Services. You must not reproduce any part of this document without the prior written approval of Roads and Maritime Services. Western Harbour Tunnel and Warringah Freeway Upgrade Project – Maritime Heritage Impact Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 1 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 The project ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.2.1 Immersed tube tunnels ................................................................................................ 7 1.2.2 Key construction activities............................................................................................ 8 1.3 Purpose of this report .................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Secretary’s environmental assessment requirements ................................................. 11 2 Approach to this study .......................................................................................... 13 2.1 Study area ....................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Assessment process ...................................................................................................... 14 2.2.1 Baseline review ......................................................................................................... 14 2.2.2 Field survey ............................................................................................................... 17 2.2.3 Establishing maritime heritage potential, significance and sensitivity ......................... 17 2.2.4 Assessing impact and appropriate mitigation measures ............................................ 17 2.3 Definitions ....................................................................................................................... 18 3 Heritage Legislation and Policy ......................................................................... 19 3.1 Heritage listings in study area ....................................................................................... 19 3.2 Statutory protection ....................................................................................................... 20 3.2.1 NSW Heritage Act 1977 ............................................................................................. 20 3.2.2 NSW Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 .......................................... 21 3.2.3 Summary of statutory provisions relevant to the study area ....................................... 22 3.3 Heritage policies relevant to maritime heritage ............................................................ 22 3.3.1 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage ............ 22 3.3.2 The Burra Charter ...................................................................................................... 23 3.3.3 Guidelines for the Management of Australia’s Shipwrecks ......................................... 23 3.3.4 NSW Heritage Manual ............................................................................................... 23 3.3.5 Criteria for the Assessment of Excavation Directors .................................................. 23 4 Area A – Yurulbin Point to Balls Head, Sydney Harbour ...................................... 24 4.1 Physical setting .............................................................................................................. 24 4.2 Historical background .................................................................................................... 26 4.2.1 Yurulbin (formerly Long Nose) Point and Snails Bay .................................................. 26 4.2.2 Yurulbin Point to Manns Point submarine electricity cable and tunnel ........................ 32 4.2.3 Western side of Balls Head ........................................................................................ 34 4.3 Known maritime heritage sites and items ..................................................................... 39 4.3.1 Maritime infrastructure ............................................................................................... 41 4.3.2 Shipwrecks ................................................................................................................ 45 4.3.3 Railway electricity tunnel ........................................................................................... 48 4.3.4 Balls Head Reserve ................................................................................................... 49 4.3.5 M.V. Cape Don and Baragoola .................................................................................. 49 4.4 Potential maritime heritage sites ................................................................................... 49 4.4.1 Maritime infrastructure and associated deposits ........................................................ 52 4.4.2 Shipwrecks and associated deposits ......................................................................... 52 4.4.3 Discard from vessels ................................................................................................. 52 4.4.4 Unverified anomalies ................................................................................................. 53 4.5 Summary of maritime heritage sites and archaeological potential in Area A ............ 55 5 Area B – Berrys Bay ............................................................................................... 58 5.1 Physical setting .............................................................................................................. 58 5.2 Historical background .................................................................................................... 59 5.3 Known maritime heritage sites ...................................................................................... 67 5.3.1 Maritime infrastructure ............................................................................................... 67 5.3.2 Shipwrecks ................................................................................................................ 71 Cosmos Archaeology Pty Ltd i Western Harbour Tunnel and Warringah Freeway Upgrade Project – Maritime Heritage Impact Assessment 5.4 Potential maritime heritage sites ................................................................................... 71 5.4.1 Maritime infrastructure and associated deposits ........................................................ 73 5.4.2 Shipwrecks and associated deposits ......................................................................... 73 5.4.3 Discard from vessels ................................................................................................. 74 5.4.4 Structures and discard in and under reclamation fill ................................................... 74 5.4.5 Unverified anomalies ................................................................................................. 74 5.5 Summary of maritime heritage sites and archaeological potential in Area B ............ 74 6 Area C – White Bay, Johnstons Bay & Glebe Island .................................... 76 6.1 Physical setting .............................................................................................................. 76 6.2 Historical background .................................................................................................... 76 6.2.1 White Bay .................................................................................................................. 76 6.2.2 Glebe Island .............................................................................................................. 79 6.3 Known maritime heritage sites in Area C ...................................................................... 83 6.3.1 Maritime infrastructure ............................................................................................... 83 6.3.2 Shipwrecks ................................................................................................................ 83 6.3.3 Built heritage.............................................................................................................. 83 6.4 Potential maritime heritage sites ................................................................................... 84 6.4.1 Maritime infrastructure and associated deposits ........................................................ 86 6.4.2 Shipwrecks and associated deposits ......................................................................... 86 6.4.3 Discard from vessels ................................................................................................. 86 6.4.4 Discard in and under reclamation fill .........................................................................