© Senior Airman Jonathan Garcia, U.S. Air Force Turkish Cultural Orientation October 2014 DLIFLC 1759 Lewis Rd. Bldg 614, Ste. 251 Technology DLIFLC Presidio of Monterey • Monterey, CA 93944 Integtration FAMiliarization 1 DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER 831.242.5119 (DSN-768) Division Turkish Cultural Orientation: Contents Chapter 1: Profile 7 Introduction .................................................................................... 7 Area .............................................................................................. 8 Geographic Divisions ......................................................................... 8 Aegean ............................................................................................ 8 Black Sea .......................................................................................... 9 Central Anatolia (Anatolian Plateau) ........................................................... 9 Eastern Anatolia .................................................................................. 9 Marmara ......................................................................................... 10 Mediterranean ................................................................................... 10 Southeastern Anatolia ........................................................................... 10 Climate ......................................................................................... 10 Rivers ........................................................................................... 11 Major Cities .................................................................................... 12 Istanbul .......................................................................................... 12 Ankara ........................................................................................... 12 İzmir ............................................................................................. 13 Bursa ............................................................................................. 13 History .......................................................................................... 14 e Early Ottoman Empire ...................................................................... 14 e Demise of the Ottoman Empire ............................................................. 15 e Republic of Turkey .......................................................................... 16 Recent Events .................................................................................... 17 2013-2014—Turkey and the Syrian Crisis ...................................................... 18 Government ................................................................................... 19 Media ........................................................................................... 20 Print and Broadcast Media ..................................................................... 20 DLIFLC 1759 Lewis Rd. Bldg 614, Ste. 251 Technology DLIFLC Presidio of Monterey • Monterey, CA 93944 Integtration FAMiliarization 2 DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER 831.242.5119 (DSN-768) Division Internet Control .............................................................................. 20 Economy ....................................................................................... 21 Agriculture .................................................................................... 21 Industry and Manufacturing .............................................................. 22 Service Sector ................................................................................. 23 Ethnic Groups ................................................................................. 23 Turks ............................................................................................. 23 Kurds ............................................................................................. 24 Laz ............................................................................................... 24 Endnotes ....................................................................................... 25 Overview: Chapter 1 Assessment 35 Chapter 2: Religion 36 Introduction ................................................................................... 36 Major Religions ............................................................................... 38 Islam ............................................................................................. 38 Care and Treatment of the Quran ............................................................... 38 Susm ............................................................................................ 39 e Alevi ......................................................................................... 39 Religion in Government .................................................................... 40 Religion in Daily Life ........................................................................ 41 Religion and Gender ......................................................................... 41 Religious Holidays and Celebrations .............................................................................. 42 Buildings of Worship ........................................................................ 43 Behavior in Buildings of Worship ........................................................ 44 Mosques .......................................................................................... 44 Cemevis .......................................................................................... 45 Endnotes ....................................................................................... 46 Overview: Chapter 2 Assessment 51 DLIFLC 1759 Lewis Rd. Bldg 614, Ste. 251 Technology DLIFLC Presidio of Monterey • Monterey, CA 93944 Integtration FAMiliarization 3 DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER 831.242.5119 (DSN-768) Division Chapter 3: Traditions 52 Introduction ................................................................................... 52 Greetings ....................................................................................... 53 Titles ............................................................................................ 55 Eye Contact and Personal Space .......................................................... 55 Male-Female Relationships ................................................................. 56 Hospitality and Gi-Giving ................................................................ 57 Eating Habits and Types of Food ......................................................... 58 Eating Customs .................................................................................. 58 Turkish Food ..................................................................................... 59 Dress Codes ................................................................................... 60 Nonreligious Celebrations (Holidays) ...................................................................................... 61 Dos and Don’ts ................................................................................ 62 Endnotes ....................................................................................... 63 Overview: Chapter 3 Assessment 67 Chapter 4: Urban Life 68 Introduction ................................................................................... 68 Urbanization Issues .......................................................................... 69 Work Problems in Urban Areas ........................................................... 70 Healthcare ..................................................................................... 71 Healthcare and Hospitals ........................................................................ 71 Pharmacies ....................................................................................... 72 Education and Schools ...................................................................... 72 Restaurants .................................................................................... 73 Bills and Tipping ................................................................................. 75 e Marketplace .............................................................................. 76 Markets and Shopping ........................................................................... 76 DLIFLC 1759 Lewis Rd. Bldg 614, Ste. 251 Technology DLIFLC Presidio of Monterey • Monterey, CA 93944 Integtration FAMiliarization 4 DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER 831.242.5119 (DSN-768) Division Money and ATMs ............................................................................ 77 Transportation ................................................................................ 78 Buses and Trams ................................................................................. 78 Dolmuş and Taxis ............................................................................... 78 Trains and Airplanes ............................................................................ 79 Ferries ............................................................................................ 80 Cars .............................................................................................. 80 Street Crime and Safety ..................................................................... 81 Beggars ........................................................................................... 81