International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248 Volume: 5 Issue: 5 133 – 138 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction, time and compositions of Acharya Ugraditya Dr. Manit Sharma1, Dr. B. L. Sethi2 Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur - 302017 2 Shri Jagdish Prasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu – 333001 Abstract - The testimony existing in Mysore Archeological Report 1922 proves that, the disciple of Shri Nandi, who was a complete scholar of Ayurveda, Ugraditacharya is the author of most ancient, main and important Grinth of medical importance “The Kalyan Karaka Grinth”. Ugraditacharya was contemporary of the Rashtrakuta King “Amoghvasha I and Calukya King Kali Vishnuvardhana V. A resident of Telengana having abode at Ramgiri hills of district called Ramtirtha or Ramkod, where he composed “Kalyankaraka” while sitting in Jinalaya in late eighth century. __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________ Introduction gives at the end a long discourse in Sanskrit prose The 'Kalyankarak' of Ugraditya is the most on the uselessness of a flesh diet, said to have ancient, main and important among the available been delivered by the author at the court of texts of Ayurveda or Pranavaya composed by the Amoghvarsha, where many learned men and Jaina of the South. The book 'Kalyanakaarak' was doctors had assembled.” (Mysore Archeological published by Seth Govind Rao Joshi from Solapur Report, 1922, Page 23)2 in 1940. In addition to the original Sanskrit text, a Introduction of the Granthkar:- In the book Hindi translation by Pt. Vardhman Shastri has also 'Kalyankaraka', the author is named as Ugraditya. been published. Its editing has been done on the There is no introduction of his parents and 1 basis of four handwritten copies. original residence etc. There does not seem any First of all, in 1922, Shri special urge and need for a Jain monk who Narasimhacharya, in his Archaeological Report, renounces all materialistic things in the world. published the following lines on the significance However Ugraditya has introduced his Guru and of this book and the subject matter. Vidyapeeth in detail. Ugraditya has named his “Another manuscript of some interest is Guru as Shri Nandi, who was a scholar of the medical work “KALYANKARAKA OF complete Ayurveda (Pranavaya). Ugraditya UGRADITYA” a Jaina author, who was a received him all the knowledge from him contemporary of the Rashtrakuta King pertaining to the “doshas” mentioned in Amoghvarsha I and of the Eastern Chalukya King Pranavaya, “doshas diseases” and treatment Kali Vishnuvardhana V. The work opens with the thereof etc. and has rendered it in this 3 statement that the science of medicine is divided „Kalyankarak Granth‟. into two Parts, namely prevention and cure, and 133 IJFRCSCE | May 2019, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org _______________________________________________________________________________________ International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248 Volume: 5 Issue: 5 133 – 138 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ This shows that Shri Nandi was a great was the ruler of Vengi, was unquestionably the and famous scholar of Pranavaya at that time. Shri most influential and popular predecessor of Nandi was specially respected by a king named Chalukya king Kali Vishnuvardhana and 'Vishnuraja'. It is written in 'Kalyankarak' that, Amoghavarsha I and he was a follower of Jainism. whose feet are adorned by the garland of Vishnu's His reign lasted from AD 764 to 799. Dr. crown, that, the king bows to his lotus feet, who is Jyotiprasad Jain has also mentioned that Shri the laureate wreathed with knowledge as a mark Nandi was honored during the reign of of honour. My emancipation has been done by Vishnuvardhana IV Chalukya king.7 him. With his permission, I have written this Residence and period - Sri Ugraditya's land of scripture and for the fulfillment of Penance in the residence was 'Ramagiri', where he obtained form of Vatsalya demonstration by successful knowledge his from Shri Nandi Guru and delivery of medicine by Vaidyas. composed the “Kalyankarak Granth” there is a Vishnu Raj is mentioned here equivalent mention of Ramgiri in the 'Kalyanakaraka' to God. This signifies him as the best supreme Granth.8 ruler. It was Vishnuraja, the Chalukya king Kali In verse no. 87 and 3, Ramgiri has been Vishnuvardhana V, who was a contemporary of described as the principal place of the “Trikaling Ugraditya, which is made clear by State”. The region from Ganges to Cuttack was 5 Ugradittachaya‟s opinion from his above quote. called Utkal or North Kalinga, the mountainous However the reign of the Chalukya king part from Cuttack to Mahendragiri as the middle Kali Vishnu Vardhana V lasted from AD 847 to Kalinga and the place from Mahendragiri to 848. It is often not possible for a king to Godavari is called South Kalinga. The combined accomplish great work in a short period of one name of these three was 'Trikalinga‟. In fact year. Mr. Vardhaman Shastri opines that Ramgiri is a place called Ramatirtha, Vishnuraj might had been the name of Vijayapattam district. There is also an inscription Amoghvaisha‟s father Govind Raj III. Because on the wall of 'Durgapanchagufa', in which Jinsen mentions Amoghvarsha in information is given about a Chalukya king. This 'Parshavabhyuday' with the title of God. It may be inscription is of AD 1011-12. From this it appears that this title had been traditional symbolism of that Ramatirtha was a sacred place of Jainism. the Rashtrakutas.6 Many Jain followers lived here. In the above This opinion is not factual, but based only inscription Ramkirtha is also written as Ramkod. son conjecture. Because earlier Rashtrakutas did According to Pandit Kailash Chandra, in the early not had authority over Vengi. Amoghavarsha I centuries of the year AD, lot of Buddhism was the first to control it. This Vishnuraja IV, who remnants have been obtained from Ramatirtha 134 IJFRCSCE | May 2019, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org _______________________________________________________________________________________ International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering ISSN: 2454-4248 Volume: 5 Issue: 5 133 – 138 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Buddhism. It is noteworthy that in the fall of The main disciple of this Acharya was Buddhism, the Jainas occupied this place and Ugradityacharya. Who was a great scholar of converted it into their place of worship.9 Ayurveda and medicine. Shortly before 799 AD, Dr. Jyoti Prasad Jain has considered the he wrote his well-known medical text grand status of Ramatirtha in the middle of the 'Kalyankaraka'. It is clear from the Grantha eleventh century Ramatirtha (Ramgiri) also citation that he composed the original book under remained a famous and advanced cultural center the reign and patronage of Maharaj 12 Jains till the middle of the eleventh century, as Vishnuvardhana. evidenced by an inscription there in a Kannada The Trikalinga state is nowadays called inscription (1022 AD) also shows that his Guru Tailangana or Tilangana, which is a distorted form was Trikala Yogi Shridaladeva and Vimaladitya of the word Trikalinga. The Vengi kingdom was The king himself also went to worship Ramgiri as under this area. The boundary of the Vengi state a Jain shrine.10 was the Godavari River in the north, the Krishna Ramagiri was in its full glory during the River in the south, the coastline in the east and the period of Ugraditya. His contemporary ruler was Western Ghats in the west. Its capital was Vengi Nagar, which is presently known as Peddwengi or Vengi's Chalukya king Vishnuvardhana IV (764- 13 799 AD). Vishnuvardhan IV was a great Godavari district. worshiper of Jainism. During this period, a great Hence, it can be said with certainty that Jain cultural center existed on the hills called Ugradityacharya was originally a resident of Ramatirtha or Ramkod in Vijay Pattam Telangana (Andhra Pradesh), and his abode was (Visakhapatnam) district. This Ramgiri mountain, Ramgiri, the Ramtirtha or Ramkod hills of the located on the flat land of Vengi region of district Visakhapattnam. It was here where he Trikaling (Andhra) region, was adorned with composed 'Kalyanakaraka' while sitting in the many Jain Guha, temples, jinalayas and other Jinalaya. His period was late eighth century. The religious works. Many learned Jain sages lived above discussion also reveals the fact that there. This institute was a great school for higher Ugradityacharya got great patronage from education of diverse disciplines and disciplines. Vishnuvardhana IV (764-799 AD), the Chalukya Jainacharya Shri Nandi was the Principal of this king of Vengi in 615 AD. The Chalukya emperor Vidyapeeth under the patronage of Chalukya King Pulakeshi II gained authority over Andhra Pradesh of Vengi. He was a master of various subjects like and his younger brother Kubj Vishnuvardhana Ayurveda etc. Maharaj Vishnuvardhana himself was appointed as the provincial ruler. The capital worshiped his feet. 11 of this land was Vengi. The ruler of Vengi became independent in the last period of Pulakeshi and 135 IJFRCSCE | May 2019, Available @ http://www.ijfrcsce.org _______________________________________________________________________________________