MAAHANMUUTONANNUAL REPORT ONVUOSIKATSAUS IMMIGRATION 2011 2010 2 CONTENTS 3 Immigration in 2010 4 Population and foreign nationals 5 Multicultural families 6 Population by native language 7 Population by country of birth 8 Residence permits issued by the Finnish Immigration Service 9 Number of foreign nationals in Finland by region 10 Asylum seekers and refugees 12 Employment and unemployment 13 Foreign job seekers by qualification level in 2010 14 Monitoring integration 16 Children with immigrant backgrounds and basic education 17 Foreign students and international exchange 18 Number of people acquiring Finnish citizenship 19 Who’s who? Actors responsible for migration 20 Sources of information on the internet 3 Immigration continued to decline in 2010 Immigration to Finland started to decline in 2009, and the trend The largest group of foreigners moving to Finland are Russians. continued in 2010. A total of 25,650 people moved to Finland Finnish citizenship is most often applied for by people from in 2010. The number of people coming from other EU countries outside the EU, but among the ten largest groups of applicants fell to 12,200. At the same time, the number moving abroad there is one EU country – Estonia. from Finland dropped slightly to 11,900. The number of asylum seekers continued to decline globally. Today, people’s main motives for moving to Finland are study, In 2010, a total of 4,018 people sought asylum in Finland, work and family. Despite the fact that immigration to Finland on representing a drop of 33%. The number of unaccompanied its current scale is a relatively recent phenomenon, foreigners minors seeking asylum decreased by 41% (2010: 329). Asylum make up a significant proportion of the population in some was granted to 181 people, and residence permits were issued parts of Finland – for instance in the Greater Helsinki Area. to 1,298 people on humanitarian or subsidiary protection grounds. In 2010, a total of 1,784 asylum applications were accepted and 3,428 refused. Migration 2006–2010 Immigration Emigration Net immigration 29,114 30,000 26,700 26,029 25,650 25,000 22,032 20,000 15,457 14,550 13,750 15,000 13,586 10,044 10,000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 5,000 0 -5,000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 -10,000 -11,900 -15,000 -11,988 -12,443 -12,150 -13,657 Source: Statistics Finland The country with most emigrants from Finland is Sweden. The United Kingdom comes second and the United States third. Who is an immigrant? The term immigrant is a broad concept. It includes labour Did you know? migrants, refugees, foreign students and those people who Foreign nationals account have moved away from Finland and have now returned. Some for 3% of the population. people with foreign backgrounds only live in Finland for a couple Most of the people who were born abroad of years, for example because of study or work, while others were born in Europe (65%). apply for Finnish citizenship and settle more permanently in Foreign-language speakers make up the country. 4% of the population. 4 Population and foreign nationals Number of foreign nationals in 2000–2010 This figure covers foreign nationals who live 200,000 permanently in Finland. It does not include those 167,954 who have acquired 155,705 Finnish citizenship or 150,000 143,256 asylum seekers. 132,708 121,700 113,900 108,400 103,700 107,100 98,600 100,000 91,100 50,000 Source: Statistics Finland 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Largest groups by citizenship Number of people Citizenship in 2010 Proportion of foreign nationals % Y/Y trend % Estonia 29,080 17.3 + 14.0 Russia 28,426 16.9 + 0.8 Sweden 8,510 5.1 0.0 Somalia 6,593 3.9 + 18.4 China 5,559 3.3 + 7.3 Iraq 5,024 3.0 + 26.3 Thailand 5,021 3.0 + 11.7 Turkey 3,973 2.4 + 4.3 Germany 3,715 2.2 + 2.4 India 3,468 2.1 + 9.5 Total of foreign nationals 167,954 100 + 7,9 Source: Statistics Finland Largest groups with dual nationality At the end of 2010, the number of people holding both Finnish and some other nationality amounted to 54,912. There are over 50,000 people The largest groups of people with dual nationality are living in Finland who hold Russian (15,348), Swedish (5,275) and US (3,220) citizens. In statistics, these people are classified as Finnish citizens. dual nationality. 5 Multicultural families A common reason for moving to Finland is family ties. In families the most common combination was that the wife was Finnish where partners are of different nationalities it is most typical and the man foreign. Families where at least one of the spouses that it is the man who is Finnish and the woman foreign. There or the lone parent is foreign account for 4.2% of all families in were about 19,000 such families in 2009. In the mid 1990s, Finland. Multinational families in 1995 and 2009 2009 Finnish husband and foreign wife 1995 Finnish wife and foreign husband Foreign husband and Did you know? foreign wife In multinational families, the most common Foreign mother combination is that it is the man who is Finnish and the Foreign father woman foreign. According to Statistics Finland, there were 60,500 families in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 thousand Finland in 2009 where at least one of the spouses Source: Statistics Finland or the lone parent was a foreign national. A new trend in migration – mobility Migration is having a global impact on the population mix. We have seen a new trend in migration worldwide – mobility. In the past people moved and settled in a new country on a more permanent basis. Nowadays many people want to move to a second or third country, some go back and forth between certain countries while others move to their parents’ country of origin. A new trend has emerged In Canada, flows of return migrants have had a considerable in migration – mobility. impact on the immigration situation, with 300,000 Canadian citizens living in Hong Kong. Similarly, in Germany, emigration In the past people moved on was greater than immigration in 2008–2009. About 35,000– a more permanent basis, 40,000 German Turks emigrate from Germany to Turkey every and opportunities to keep track of year. A large number of them are young adults who were born the situation in their countries of and educated in Germany. origin were more limited. Researchers call these modern-day emigrants transnationals. Some of them apply for citizenship of another country because it makes travelling easier. 6 Population by native language Of the population, 90.4% spoke Finnish as their native language, Finland’s population in 2010: 5.4% Swedish and 0.03% Sámi. People whose native language was some other than Finnish, Swedish or Sámi numbered 5,375,276 224,388, or 4.2% of the population. Population by language Languages Finnish 4,857,903 Russian 1.01% Swedish 291,153 Sámi 0.03% Other 3.16% Sámi 1,832 Finnish 90.4% Largest groups by foreign language Swedish 5.4% Russian 54,559 Estonian 28,493 Somali 12,985 English 12,855 Arabic 10,415 Kurdish 8,032 Chinese 7,546 Albanian 7,113 Thai 5,722 Vietnamese 5,637 Total of foreign- Source: Statistics Finland language speakers 224,388 Population 31 December 2010: 5,375,276 Finnish citizens Foreign nationals 5,207,322 167,954 Country of birth: Country of birth: Country of birth Country of birth: Finland 5,109,984 other 97,338 Finland 17,157 other 150,797 Native language Native language Native language Native language Finnish 4,809,700 Finnish 40,134 Finnish 4,828 other 144,092 Swedish 279,232 Swedish 7,002 Swedish 1,467 Sámi 1,768 Sámi 48 Sámi 4 Native language Total 5,090,700 Total 47,184 Total 6,299 Finnish 3,241 Swedish 3,452 Native language Native language Native language Sámi 12 other 19,284 other 50,154 other 10,858 Total 6,705 Source: Statistics Finland 7 Population by country of birth At the end of 2010, there were 248,135 people living in Finland The majority of those born abroad (about 65%) were born in who were born abroad; 39% of them were Finnish citizens born Europe. Of people born abroad, 22% speak Finnish, Swedish or abroad and 61% foreign nationals. Sámi as their native language, and 78% some other language. People born abroad by continent of birth Europe 64.6% Oceania/unknown 2.5% North and South America 4.2% Africa 9.0% Asia 19.8% Source: Statistics Finland Country of birth Finland 5,127,141 Largest immigrant groups Former Soviet Union 48,678 Sweden 31,160 Estonia 25,009 Did you know? Somalia 8,073 About 500 people return to Finland every year. Russia 8,030 Iraq 7,167 China 7,034 Thailand 6,747 Former Yugoslavia 6,256 Germany 5,921 Total of people born abroad 248,135 Source: Statistics Finland 8 Residence permits issued by the Finnish Immigration Service in 2010 The following statistics describe immigration from countries Who are not included in the statistics? outside the EU and the EEA. They only include information on Citizens of Nordic countries do not need a residence permit individuals who have been granted a residence permit for the in other Nordic countries.