Sonoma-Marin Coastal Regional Sediment Management Report Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary March 2018 Report Citation George, D.A.*, Hutto, S.*, and Delaney, M. 2018. Sonoma-Marin Coastal Regional Sediment Management Report. Report of the Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary. NOAA. San Francisco, CA. 201 pp. *-Greater Farallones Association Cover photos (top left) Bodega Harbor Dredging, Cea Higgins (top right) Gleason Beach area, Doug George (bottom left) Aerial view of Stinson Beach and Seadrift, Bob Wilson (bottom right) Bolinas Highway revetment, Kate Bimrose This work was made possible with support from: Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary Advisory Council Sonoma-Marin Coastal Regional Sediment Management Working Group Members Chair: Cea Higgins, Sonoma Coast Surfrider; Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (GFNMS) Advisory Council Hattie Brown, Sonoma County Regional Parks Jon Campo, Marin County Parks Clif Davenport, Coastal Sediment Management Workgroup Ashley Eagle-Gibbs, Environmental Action Committee of West Marin Brook Edwards, Wildlands Conservancy Leslie Ewing, California Coastal Commission Luke Farmer, Wildlands Conservancy Shannon Fiala, California Coastal Commission Stefan Galvez, Caltrans Brannon Ketcham, National Park Service, Point Reyes National Seashore John Largier, UC Davis Bodega Marine Lab, Sanctuary Advisory Council chair Neil Lassettre, Sonoma County Water Agency Bob Legge, Russian Riverkeeper Jack Liebster, County of Marin Planning Department Jeannine Manna, California Coastal Commission Abby Mohan, GFNMS Advisory Council Maritime/Recreation Alternate Mary Nicholl, Sonoma County Planning Dick Ogg, Bodega Bay Fisherman’s Association Brendan O’Neil, California State Parks and Recreation Melanie Parker, Sonoma County Regional Parks Stephanie Rexing, California Coastal Commission Liza Sternik, Environmental Action Committee of West Marin Kristin Ward, National Park Service, Golden Gate National Recreation Area James Zoulas, US Army Corps of Engineers Technical Advisory Committee Sara Azat, NOAA Fisheries Ben Becker, National Park Service, Point Reyes National Seashore Sahre Cohen, US Army Corps of Engineers Clif Davenport, Coastal Sediment Management Workgroup Naomi Feger, State Water Resources Control Board Karyn Gear, State Coastal Conservancy Brenda Goeden, Bay Conservation and Development Commission i Daphne Hatch, National Park Service, Golden Gate National Recreation Area Chris Huitt, State Lands Commission Jenna Judge, San Francisco Bay Outer Coast Sentinel Site Cooperative Jack Liebster, County of Marin Planning Department Jeannine Manna, California Coastal Commission Suzanne Marr, Environmental Protection Agency Brendan O'Neil, California State Parks and Recreation Chris Potter, Coastal Sediment Management Workgroup Stephanie Rexing, California Coastal Commission Jennifer Siu, Environmental Protection Agency Staff to the Working Group Max Delaney, Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary Jenn Gamurot, Greater Farallones Association Doug George, PhD, Greater Farallones Association Sara Hutto, Greater Farallones Association Karen Reyna, Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary Sage Tezak, Greater Farallones Association Prepared for Maria Brown, Superintendent, Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary ii Conversion Tables U.S. Customary to Metric Multiply By To Obtain feet (ft) 0.3048 meters (m) yard (yd) 0.9144 meters (m) miles (mi U.S. statute) 1.60935 kilometers (km) square feet (ft2) 0.092903 square meters (m2) acres (ac) 4047 square meters (m2) cubic feet (ft3) 0.028317 cubic meters (m3) cubic feet per second (cfs) 0.028317 cubic meters per second (cms) cubic yards (yd3) 0.76456 cubic meters (m3) tons (2000 pounds) 907.185 kilograms (kg) Metric to U.S. Customary Multiply By To Obtain meters (m) 3.281 feet (ft) meters (m) 1.094 yard (yd) kilometers (km) 0.6214 miles (mi U.S. statute) square meters (m2) 10.76 square feet (ft2) square meters (m2) 2.47x10-4 acres (ac) cubic meters (m3) 35.31 cubic feet (ft3) cubic meters per second (cms) 35.31 cubic feet per second (cfs) cubic meters (m3) 1.308 cubic yards (yd3) kilograms (kg) 1.102x10-3 tons (2000 pounds) iii Sonoma-Marin Coastal Regional Sediment Management Report Contents List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ viii List of Figures ....................................................................................................................... viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ x 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 2 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY REGION .................................................................................. 2 2.1 Region and Area of Interest ......................................................................................... 2 2.2 Littoral Cell Concept and Regional Context .................................................................. 4 2.3 Physical Processes ...................................................................................................... 4 2.3.1 Climate and Oceanography .................................................................................. 4 2.3.2 Tidal Regime......................................................................................................... 9 2.3.3 Changes in Sea Level ........................................................................................... 9 2.4 Geology, Geomorphology and Physical Setting ..........................................................10 2.5 Regional Sand Pathways/Budget ................................................................................12 2.5.1 Sediment Sources ...............................................................................................12 2.5.2 Sediment Sinks ....................................................................................................13 2.5.3 Implications for Regional Sediment Management ................................................13 2.6 Relevant Projects and Studies ....................................................................................14 2.6.1 Farallones Sanctuary Climate Action Plan ...........................................................14 2.6.2 Local Coastal Program (LCP) Updates ................................................................14 2.6.3 Collaboration: Sea Level Marin Adaptation Response Team (C-SMART) ............14 2.6.4 The Bolinas Lagoon Ecosystem Restoration Project ............................................15 2.6.5 Our Coast, Our Future (OCOF) ............................................................................15 2.6.6 Hazard Exposure Reporting and Analytics (HERA) ..............................................15 2.6.7 The Russian River Integrated Coastal Watershed Management Plan (RRICWMP) 16 2.6.8 Integrating Coastal Vulnerability Modeling and Land Use Planning Strategies (InVEST) ............................................................................................................................16 2.6.9 Total Maximum Daily Loads .................................................................................16 3 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ..............................................................................................17 3.1 Habitats of the Region ................................................................................................17 iv 3.1.1 Sandy Beaches and Coastal Dunes .....................................................................17 3.1.2 Coastal Rivers and Creeks ..................................................................................18 3.1.3 Estuaries, including bays and lagoons .................................................................19 3.1.4 Rocky Shores ......................................................................................................20 3.1.5 Kelp Forest ..........................................................................................................21 3.1.6 Continental Shelf and Nearshore Subtidal Communities ......................................22 3.2 Managed Areas ..........................................................................................................24 3.2.1 State Marine Conservation Areas and Reserves ..................................................26 3.2.2 State Areas of Special Biological Significance .....................................................26 3.2.3 State Department of Parks and Recreation ..........................................................29 3.2.4 National Parks Service .........................................................................................29 3.2.5 US Fish and Wildlife Service Farallon Islands National Wildlife Refuge ...............29 3.2.6 Bureau of Land Management National Conservation Lands ................................29 3.2.7 Bodega Marine Reserve ......................................................................................29 3.2.8 Local (regional, county or city managed) Parks ....................................................29 3.3 Fish and Wildlife of the Region....................................................................................30 3.3.1 Marine and Coastal Birds .....................................................................................30 3.3.2 Marine Mammals .................................................................................................30