STUDY GUIDE Ohio’s Orientation to Supported Employment Funded by the Ohio Department of Developmental Disabilities Developed by Dale DiLeo STUDY GUIDE Ohio’s Orientation to Supported Employment Dale Dileo Funded by the Ohio Department of Developmental Disabilities Study Guide: Ohio’s Orientation to Supported Employment © Dale DiLeo and The Ohio Department of Developmental Disabilities This manual is designed as a follow-along resource to accompany Ohio’s online Orientation to Supported Employment Web Course. Workers in the cover photo (From left to right): Bob McMaster (OU Lancaster, Fairfield County Board of DD); Elizabeth Crehan, Butler County Prosecuter’s Office, Butler County Board of DD); and Amy Crumm (Goodwill, Knox County Board of DD). | III Contents 1 Values, Definitions and History of Supported Employment 1 Supported Employment Defined 1 Mental Health & Employment 3 ODEP 3 Transition 3 Values 4 Normalization and Jobs 5 Support Strategies Influence Perceptions of Disability 6 Integration at the Workplace 6 The History of Supported Employment 7 Lesson Quiz 1: Notes 9 Legislation 11 The Americans with Disabilities Act 11 2 Legislation and Funding of Supported Employment 11 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 12 Fair Labor Standards Act 13 The Rehabilitation Act and Amendments 13 The Workforce Investment Act and Work Incentives Improvement Act 14 Funding Supported Employment 14 Vocational Rehabilitation 14 Opportunities for Ohioans with Disabilities 14 Ohio Department of Developmental Disabilities 15 Ohio Ticket to Work 15 Ohio Employment First 16 Lesson Quiz 2: Notes 17 3 Rights and Roles in Supported Employment 19 Stakeholders in Supported Employment 19 Job Seekers 19 Families 20 Employment Consultants 22 Human Service Professionals 22 The Right to Supported Employment 23 Legal Employment Prohibitions for Discrimination 24 How to File a Discrimination Complaint 25 Lesson Quiz 3: Notes 26 iv | Table of Contents 4 The Process of Supported Employment 27 How Supported Employment Works 27 Phase One Services 28 Career Planning and Development 28 Phase Two Services 28 Core Guidelines 29 Judging Quality 29 Job Support 30 Facilitating Supports 30 Self-Employment 30 Benefits Planning - Social Security 31 Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) 31 SSDI Incentives 31 Supplemental Security Income (SSI) 33 Plan to Achieve Self-Support (PASS) 34 Ohio’s Medicaid Buy-In for Workers with Disabilities 34 5 Career Planning and Vocational Assessment 37 Careers and Person-Centered Planning 37 Supporting Employment Self-Determination 39 Helping People Make Career Choices 39 Career Planning 40 Careers Based on Interests and Aptitudes 40 Advantages of Focusing on Interests 41 Summary 41 The Discovery Process 42 Information Gathering 43 Job Shadowing 43 Virtual Career Exploration 43 Assessment Tools 44 Interest Inventories 45 Job Seeker Interview 45 Key Informant Interviews 45 Situational Assessments 45 Personal Career Profiles 46 Elements of a Personal Career Profile 46 Developing Career Goals 47 | V 6 Marketing and Job Development 49 Knowing the Business Community 49 Worker Diversity 50 Marketing 51 Researching Regional Businesses 51 Employer Attitudes toward Hiring Workers with Disabilities 52 Marketing Your Services to Families 53 Marketing Tools 53 Job Development 55 Networking 55 Making Contacts 55 Collaboration 56 Face to Face Interaction 56 Disclosure of Disability to Employers 57 Employment Hiring Incentives 58 Job Accommodation Network 58 IRS Tax Credit 58 Tax Credit on Architectural and Transportation Barriers 59 Work Opportunities Tax Credit (WOTC) 59 Vocational Rehabilitation On-The-Job Training Program 59 7 On-the-Job Training and Supports 61 Responding to a Job Offer 62 Job Analysis and Design 62 Video 62 Job Carving 63 Accommodations and Modifications in Job Design 63 Assistive Technology 64 Considerations for the Use of Technology 65 Worker Orientation 65 Co-Worker Support 66 Introductions 66 Job Training 66 Job Supports 66 Natural Supports 66 Workplace Cultures and Social Relationships 68 Helping Supported Employees Learn New Skills 70 Effective Training Practices 70 Natural Validity 71 vi | Table of Contents Individualized Teaching 72 Task Analysis 72 Analyzing Baseline Data 72 Systematic Instruction and Prompting 73 Reinforcing Learning 74 Guidelines for Using Natural Reinforcement 74 Data Collection 75 Handling Errors in Learning 76 Self Instruction 76 Fading and Generalization 77 Supporting Appropriate Social Behavior at Work 77 Helping Workers Fit in with Work Cultures 78 | 1 Values, Definitions and History of Supported Employment 1In this section you will be introduced to the impor- tance of employment to people with disabilities, a group historically with the highest unemployment rate in the country. Learning Objectives: The trainee will gain knowledge of: ♦ the factors which led to the emergence of sup- ported employment, the difference between sup- ported employment and traditional vocational Video of Definitions of SE services and the unique characteristics of sup- ported employment. ♦ competitive work, consistent with the strengths, the unique obstacles people with disabilities face resources, priorities, concerns, abilities, capabili- in getting hired and succeeding at work. ties, interests, and informed choice of the indi- ♦ the values that are contained in the legal defini- viduals, for individuals with the most significant tions of supported employment. disabilities--who, because of the nature and ♦ severity of their disability, need ___________ the history of the employment of people with supported employment services ... in order to disabilities. perform such work. Supported employment provides assistance such as job coaches, trans- Supported Employment Defined portation, assistive technology, specialized job training, and individually tailored supervision. The term “supported employment” means _______________ work in ______________ work The field of supported employment is evolving settings, or employment in _____________ work so rapidly that much of what was considered settings in which individuals are working toward appropriate a short time ago is now obsolete. NOTES 2 | Values have changed, technology has improved, and approaches used to plan careers, find jobs, and sup- port people in doing their jobs and socializing in their workplace have developed. Supported employment is a simple concept. It re- fers to a process whereby people traditionally denied career opportunities due to the perceived severity of their disability - work in jobs and are provided long- term, ongoing support for as long as needed. This definition also includes “transitional employ- ment for persons who are individuals with severe disabilities due to ________ __________.” There are as many ways of providing supported em- ployment as there are people who could benefit from Up until supported employment entered into U.S. it. law, jobs for workers with disabilities were limited to “Competitive employment” means: full-time or people who were “higher functioning” or those not part-time work in the competitive labor market in too severely disabled who were considered able to which payment is at or above the minimum wage, benefit from employment services. but not less than the customary wage and level Supported employment proved that concept wrong. of benefits paid by the employer for the same or Why? Who is the targe group for supported em- similar work performed by persons who are not ployment? Look up the answer in the web course. disabled. A core characteristic of supported employment is that the individual should work in an ___________ setting, rather than a workplace that is primarily populated with other workers with disabilities. How can an “integrated setting” be defined? Look up the answer in the web course. NOTES | 3 Supported employment includes a unique service ♦ The IPS approach changes the way mental health feature - ongoing support for as long as necessary services are delivered throughout the term of employment. Ongoing support services includes a range of individualized Office of Disability Employment Policy (ODEP) supports such as transportation, job site training, family support, or any services necessary to main- ODEP, an agency of the U.S. Department of Labor, tain job stability. established an initiative to build the capacity of work- force systems to serve all customers, including individ- uals with disabilities. According to ODEP, successful Mental Health & Employment ___________________ ____________________ is built on four key elements: People with mental illness have some unique chal- lenges in returning to work. As a result, the definition ♦ Meeting the job seeker’s individual needs and in- of supported employment includes a special defini- terests. tion for work for individuals with psychiatric dis- ♦ Using a personal representative to assist and po- abilities, called ______________ employment. The tentially represent the individual. This can be a Ohio Department of Mental Health and Addiction counselor, job developer, advocate, employment Services is strongly endorsing evidence-based Indi- specialist, or other qualified professional. vidual Placement and Support (IPS). ♦ Negotiating successfully with employers. IPS supported employment helps people with severe mental illness work at regular jobs of their choosing. ♦ Building a system of ongoing supports for the job Although variations of supported employment exist, seeker. IPS refers to the evidence-based practice of support- ed employment.