USC Shoah Foundation Institute Thesaurus (Abridged) © 2010 USC Shoah Foundation Institute, University of Southern California www.usc.edu/vhi University of Southern California College of Letters, Arts & Sciences USC Shoah Foundation Institute Thesaurus – June 2010 Page 2 of 198 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 3 captivity ........................................................................................................................................... 4 culture ........................................................................................................................................... 12 daily life ......................................................................................................................................... 14 discrimination ............................................................................................................................... 21 discrimination responses .............................................................................................................. 23 feelings and thoughts ................................................................................................................... 32 forced labor experiences .............................................................................................................. 37 government functions ................................................................................................................... 40 health ............................................................................................................................................ 46 movement ..................................................................................................................................... 60 organizations ................................................................................................................................. 93 people ......................................................................................................................................... 124 politics and economics ................................................................................................................ 169 refugee experiences .................................................................................................................... 176 religion and philosophy............................................................................................................... 179 still and moving images ............................................................................................................... 185 world histories ............................................................................................................................ 194 University of Southern California College of Letters, Arts & Sciences www.usc.edu/vhi USC Shoah Foundation Institute Thesaurus – June 2010 Page 3 of 198 Introduction Containing thousands of genocide‐related concepts and experiences, the USC Shoah Foundation Institute Thesaurus is one of the first of its kind. It lists the indexing terms used to describe the Institute’s video testimonies and arranges them hierarchically under broad headings. These terms have been assigned directly to digital time codes within testimonies where the specific topics are discussed, in much the same way that book index entries specify the page numbers where topics are covered. The Thesaurus evolved over time and grew in volume as the testimonies were indexed. While some indexing terms have been drawn from existing controlled vocabularies, the depth of content within the collection required the creation of local indexing terms to facilitate access at a more precise level. For example, experiential terms such as “corpse disposal forced labor” and “intergenerational Holocaust impact” were created to reflect the depth and unfortunate commonality of experience brought forth in testimonies of survivors of the Holocaust. Indexing terms also include cities, villages, and other geographical locations—“Oswiecim (Poland),” for example—as well as place names such as “Auschwitz II‐Birkenau (Poland : Concentration Camp).” The structure of the Shoah Foundation Institute Thesaurus is based on the ANSI/NISO Z39.19 Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and Management of Monolingual Thesauri, which employs a hierarchical arrangement to define the relationships between indexing terms. Although the indexing of the testimonies is virtually complete, the Thesaurus remains a work in progress and will continue to be refined and updated as needed. Because the Thesaurus currently contains more than 50,000 indexing terms, most of which are geographic in nature, we have abridged this document to make it more manageable in size—excluding the geographic indexing terms, the definitions and scope notes, as well as synonyms and quasi‐ synonyms assigned as equivalent but non‐preferred terms. Please note 1) Unverified indexing terms, indicating that the place or organization could not be verified in the authoritative reference sources used at the time that the keyword was created, are preceded by (u); 2) “Generic” indexing terms, created when there is more than one location with the same name, are followed by (generic); 3) Some terms that are not indexing terms are included as place holders in the hierarchical structure to facilitate the organization of the controlled vocabulary; 4) Specific indexing terms included under a more general topic are indented to demonstrate their relationship to the broader term; 5) To save space in this document, […] indicates omitted indexing terms; 6) Indexing terms may be listed under more than one broader topic when appropriate. Terms of Use The University of Southern California, through its USC Shoah Foundation Institute, owns the intellectual property rights, including copyrights, to its Interviews, Metadata, the Visual History Archive, and the USC Shoah Foundation Institute Thesaurus. All rights are reserved by the USC Shoah Foundation Institute. The Metadata is the Institute’s indexing and cataloguing data. The Visual History Archive is a software tool that provides access to the Interviews and Metadata. Any use, other than referenced above, or publication of data from the USC Shoah Foundation Institute Thesaurus in excess of “Fair Use” as specified under 17 USC § 107 and “Fair Practice” as specified under Article 10 of the Berne Convention, requires the prior written permission from the USC Shoah Foundation Institute. For more information about the USC Shoah Foundation Institute Thesaurus, please email: vhi‐[email protected]. University of Southern California College of Letters, Arts & Sciences www.usc.edu/vhi USC Shoah Foundation Institute Thesaurus – June 2010 Page 4 of 198 captivity captivity Appell camp Appell ghetto Appell prison Appell arrests aid giver arrests anti‐homosexual arrests anti‐Jewish arrests escapee capture intelligentsia arrests Jehovah's Witness arrests political opponent arrests Sinti and Roma arrests camp experiences camp adaptation methods camp barter camp begging camp betrayals camp bribery camp smuggling camp stealing camp blood extraction camp brutal treatment camp sexual assaults camp children camp clothing camp shoes camp uniforms camp corpses camp corpse cremations camp corpse disposal camp cultural activities camp currency camp deaths camp child deaths camp suicides camp suicide attempts camp diseases camp epidemics camp education camp Jewish education camp study camp escapes camp escape attempts camp executions camp mass executions camp facilities University of Southern California College of Letters, Arts & Sciences www.usc.edu/vhi USC Shoah Foundation Institute Thesaurus – June 2010 Page 5 of 198 captivity camp barracks camp brothels camp crematoria camp hospitals camp latrines camp showers camp first impressions camp food camp food acquisition camp food sharing camp hunger camp thirst camp forced labor camp funerals camp hiding and evasion camp humiliation camp killings camp liberation camp liquidations camp living conditions camp environmental conditions camp housing conditions camp infestations camp sanitary conditions camp medical care camp abortions camp childbearing camp quarantines camp medical experiments camp military medical experiments camp racial medical experiments camp sterilization medical experiments camp menstruation camp orchestras camp personal property seizure camp political activities camp prisoner identification camp prisoner insignia camp prisoner marking prisoner identification numbers prisoner tattoos camp prisoner physical conditions camp injuries camp malnutrition camp procedures camp Appell camp intake procedures camp selections camp punishments University of Southern California College of Letters, Arts & Sciences www.usc.edu/vhi USC Shoah Foundation Institute Thesaurus – June 2010 Page 6 of 198 captivity camp religious objects camp Christian religious objects camp Christian religious texts camp Jewish religious objects camp Jewish religious texts camp religious observances camp Christian religious observances camp Jehovah's Witness religious observances camp Jewish religious observances camp prayers camp Jehovah's Witness prayers camp Jewish prayers camp resistance camp covert activities camp covert communications camp covert economic activities camp covert movement camp covert weapons procurement camp underground publications camp uprisings