Porsche 911 classic (19631989)[edit] Porsche 911 of 1968 Main article: Porsche 911 classic The 911 can trace its roots back to sketches drawn by Ferdinand "Butzi" Porsche in 1959.[6] The Porsche 911 was developed as a much more powerful, larger, more comfortable replacement for the Porsche 356, the company's first model. The new car made its public debut at the 1963[1] Frankfurt Motor Show (German: Internati onale Automobil-Ausstellung).[7] The car was developed with proof-of-concept twi n fan Type 745 engine, and the car presented at the auto show had a non-operatio nal mockup of the production single fan 901 engine, receiving a working one in F ebruary 1964.[6] It originally was designated as the "Porsche 901" (901 being its internal projec t number). 82 cars were built as 901s.[6] However, Peugeot protested on the grou nds that in France it had exclusive rights to car names formed by three numbers with a zero in the middle. So, instead of selling the new model with another nam e in France, Porsche changed the name to 911. Internally, the carEight/> Product ion began in September 1964,[7] the first 911s reached the US in February 1965 w ith a price tag of US$6,500.[6] Porsche 911E with Fuchs wheels, 1969 The earliest edition of the 911 had a 130 metric horsepower (96 kW; 128 hp)[1] T ype 901/01 flat-6 engine, in the "boxer" configuration like the 356, air-cooled and rear-mounted, displaced 1991 cc compared with the 356's four-cylinder, 1582 cc unit. The car had four seats although the rear seats were very small, thus th e car is usually called a 2+2 rather than a four-seater (the 356 was also a 2+2) . It was mated to a four or five-speed manual "Type 901" transmission. The styli ng was largely by Ferdinand "Butzi" Porsche, son of Ferdinand "Ferry" Porsche. E rwin Komenda, the leader of the Porsche car body construction department, was al so involved in the design. The 356 came to the end of its production life in 1965, but there was still a ma rket for a 4-cylinder car, particularly in the USA. The Porsche 912, introduced the same year, served as a direct replacement, offering the de-tuned version of 356 SC's 4-cylinder, 1582 cc, 90 hp (67 kW) boxer four Type 616/36 engine inside the 911 bodywork with Type 901 four speed transmission (5 speed was optional). In 1966 Porsche introduced the more powerful 911S with Type 901/02 engine, the p ower raised to 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp). Forged Magnesium alloy wheels from Fuchs , in a distinctive 5-leaf design, were offered for the first time. In motor spor t at the same time, the engine was developed into Type 901/20 installed in the m id-engined Porsche 904 and Porsche 906 with 210 PS (154 kW), as well as fuel inj ected Type 901/21 installed in 906 and 910 with 220 PS (160 kW). In Aug. 1967, the A series went into production with dual brake circuits and wid ened (5.5J-15) wheels, and the previously standard gasoline-burning heater becam e optional. The Targa (meaning "plate" in Italian[8]) version was introduced as a "stop gap" model. The Targa had a stainless steel-clad roll bar, as Porsche ha d, at one point, thought that the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administr ation (NHTSA) would outlaw fully open convertibles in the US, an important marke t for the 911. The name "Targa" came from the Targa Florio sports car road race in Sicily, Italy in which Porsche had notable success, with seven victories sinc e 1956, and four more to come until 1973. This last win in the subsequently disc ontinued event is especially notable as it was scored with a 911 Carrera RS agai nst prototypes entered by Italian factories of Ferrari and Alfa Romeo. The road going Targa was equipped with a removable roof panel and a removable plastic rea r window (although a fixed glass version was offered alongside from 1968). The 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp) 911T was also launched in 1967 with Type 901/03 engin e and effectively replaced the 912. The staple 130 PS (96 kW; 128 hp) model was renamed the 911L with Type 901/06 engine and ventilated front disc brakes. The b rakes had been introduced on the previous 911S. The 911R with 901/20 engine had a very limited production (20 in all), as this was a lightweight racing version with thin aluminium doors, a magnesium crankcase, twin-spark cylinder heads, and a power output of 210 PS (154 kW). The B series went into production in Aug. 1968 that replaced the 911L model with 911E with Fuel Injection, and remained in production until July 1969. 911E gain ed 185/70VR15 tires and 6J-15 wheels, which were previously standard on Series A 911S. The C series was introduced in Aug. 1969 with enlarged 2.2 L engine (84 mm bore x 66 mm stroke). The wheelbase for all 911 and 912 models was increased from 221 1 to 2268 mm (87 to 89¼ in), an effective remedy to the cars' nervous handling at the limit. The overall length of the car did not change: rather, the rear wheels were relocated aft. Fuel injection arrived for the 911S (901/10 engine) and for a new middle model, 911E (901/09 engine). A semi-automatic Sportomatic[9] model , composed of a torque converter, an automatic clutch, and the four-speed transm ission was added to the product lineup. It was canceled after the 1980 model yea r[10] partly because of the elimination of a forward gear to make it a three-spe ed.[10] The D series was produced from Aug. 1970 to July 1971. The 2.2 L 911E (C and D s eries) were called "The secret weapon from Zuffenhausen"[citation needed]. Despi te the lower power output of the 911/01 engine (155 PS (114 kW; 153 hp) at 6200r pm) compared to the 911S's Type 911/02 (180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) at 6500rpm), the 911E was quicker in acceleration up to 160 km/h (100 mph). The E series for 19721973 model years (Aug. 1971 to July 1972 production) consist ed of the same models, but with a new, larger 2341 cc (142 in³) engine. This is un iversally known as the "2.4 L" engine, despite its displacement being closer to 2.3 litres. The 911E (Type 911/52 engine) and 911S (Type 911/53) used Bosch (Kug elfischer) mechanical fuel injection (MFI) in all markets. For 1972 the 911T (Ty pe 911/57) was carbureted, except in the U.S. and some Asian markets where emiss ion regulations forced Porsche to equip the 911T with mechanical fuel injection (Type 911/51 engine). With the power and torque increases, the 2.4 L cars also got a newer, stronger t ransmission, identified by its Porsche type number 915. Derived from the transmi ssion in the Porsche 908 race car, the 915 did away with the 901 transmission's "dog-leg" style first gear arrangement, opting for a traditional H pattern with first gear up to the left, second gear underneath first, etc. The E series had t he unique oil filler behind the right side door, with the dry sump oil tank relo cated from behind the right rear wheel to the front of it in an attempt to move the center of gravity slightly forward for better handling. The F series (Aug. 1972 to July 1973 production) moved the oil tank back to the original behind-the-wheel location. This change was in response to complaints th at gas-station attendants often filled gasoline into the oil tank. In January, 1 973, US 911Ts were switched to the new K-Jetronic CIS (Continuous Fuel Injection ) system from Bosch on Type 911/91 engine. 911S models also gained a discreet spoiler under the front bumper to improve hig h-speed stability. With the cars weighing only 1050 kg (2315 lb), these are ofte n regarded as the best classic mainstream 911s. For racing at this time, the 911 ST was produced in limited numbers (the production run for the ST only lasted f rom 1970 to 1971). The cars were available with engines of either 2466 cc or 249 4 cc, producing 270 PS (199 kW; 266 hp) at 8000 rpm. Weight was down to 960 kg ( 2166 lb). The cars had success at the Daytona 6 Hours, the Sebring 12 Hours, the 1000 km Nürburgring and the Targa Florio. 911 Carrera RS (1973 and 1974)[edit] Porsche 911 Carrera RS, 1973 These models, valued by collectors, are considered by many to be the greatest cl assic 911s of all-time. RS stands for Rennsport in German, meaning race sport in English. The Carrera name was reintroduced from the 356 Carrera which had itsel f been named after Porsche's class victories in the Carrera Panamericana races i n Mexico in the 1950s. The RS was built so that Porsche could enter racing formu lae that demanded that a certain minimum number of production cars were made. Co mpared with a standard 911S, the Carrera 2.7 RS had a larger engine (2687 cc) de veloping 210 PS (150 kW; 210 hp) with Bosch (Kugelfischer) MFI, revised and stif fened suspension, a "ducktail" rear spoiler, larger brakes, wider rear wheels an d rear fenders.