Index accessibility, job vacancies 194, Augar, P. 288 197–207 Australia Acemoglu, D. 11, 13, 213 economic geography 161–2 Acha, V. 140 employment by industry sector Acs, Z.J. 52, 98, 139, 214 163–5, 185–6 Adams, P.D. 179 functional specialization 181–2 Adelaide 173, 178 growth determinants and forecasts Africa 307–8 178–81 agglomeration human capital 162, 171–2, 174, 175, economies 4, 51–2, 54–5, 282, 283, 176–7 321 income distribution, regional 177 human capital 2–7, 10 industry structure 162–70, 181–2 innovation in 65–6, 69–72 population and employment growth localized benefi ts 4 170–71 pecuniary externalities 70 rural unemployment 177 positive externalities 7–8 socioeconomic divides 162–3 Aghion, P. 11, 327 space economy 170, 189 agriculture, 105, 161, 162, 163, 164, technology industry 177–8 165, 166, 167, 174, 178, 179, 181, Australian Capital Territory 163, 171, 185, 328, 351, 356, 365 172 air travel 39 Australian Remoteness Classes Akerlof, G. 57 framework 164 Alfaro, L. 138, 220 Autant-Bernard, C. 15, 63, 76, 79, 81, Almeida, P. 73, 81, 82 89, 91 Altenburg, T. 138 Avci, G. 109 Amersfoort, van H. 109 Aw, B.Y. 321 Amin, A. 291, 294 Axtell, R. 143 Anastassova, L. 12 Andersson, Å.E. 8, 28, 29, 30, 31–2, babbling equilibrium 249 34, 41, 44, 46, 47, 49, 53, 301, 305 Balconi, M. 82 Andersson, M. 19, 194 Baldwin, R.E. 301 Anderstig, C. 42 Banerjee, A. 260 Angrist, J. 12, 13 banking sector 288, 295 Anselin, L. 76, 82 Baptista, R. 216, 282 ANZSIC 180, 181 Barba Navaretti, G. 139, 146 Arellano–Bond estimator 320, 322 Barrett, G. 100 Armington, C. 214 Barro, R.J. 159 Arrow, K.J. 2, 8, 10, 71, 235 Batten, D.F. 39 Arthur, W.B. 159 Baum, S. 161, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, Asia 65, 307–8 178, 182, 183, 186, 187, 335 Audretsch, D. 52, 72, 79, 99, 126, 214, Baycan-Levent, T. 100, 101, 122, 123, 216, 291 125 369 Charlie Karlsson, Börje Johansson and Roger R. Stough - 9781781953549 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 10/02/2021 08:23:46PM via free access KKARLSSONARLSSON ((9781848443280)9781848443280) PPRINT.inddRINT.indd 336969 220/07/20120/07/2012 112:182:18 370 The regional economics of knowledge and talent Bayes rule 238, 240 Carlton, D.W. 261 Beaverstock, J.V. 284 Carree, M.A. 99, 100 Beckmann, M.J. 260 Castellani, D. 321 Beer, A. 179, 182 Castells, M. 291 belief systems 236–7, 241–2 Central America benchmarking 281, 291 manufacturing sector 134, 135, 141, Berdowski, Z. 113 142, 143 Bernard, A.B. 321, 324, 328 Swedish export destination 307–8 Beugelsdijk, S. 216 Centre d’Etudes Prospectives et ‘Big Bang’ 288 d’Informations Internationales Billand, P. 15, 91 (CEPII) 307 Birkinshaw, J.M. 282, 283, 285 chain migration 105 Bjørnskov, C. 214, 219 Chaney, T. 324 Black, D. 6, 11 Charlot, S. 80 Blau, D.M. 197 Charlton, A. 220 Blomström, M. 137 Chatwin, R. 260 Boden, M. 34 Chesborough, H. 29 Bolton, R. 260 Cheshire, P. 3 Bottazzi, L. 76, 79 Choenni, A. 101, 119 Boulding, K.E. 235 Ciccone, A. 12, 13 Bradley, R. 169, 170 cities see urban centres Branstetter, L. 345 Claici, A. 260 Breschi, S. 84, 85, 90 Clark, G.L. 288, 295 Brisbane 166, 172, 178 Clerides, S. 321 Brock, W.A. 98 cluster paradox 291 Bröcker, J. 301, 305 clusters Brueckner, J.K. 4 agglomeration economies 282, 283 Brush, C.G. 122 benchmarking benefi ts 281, 291 Bruton, G.D. 100 City of London 285–8 Buckley, P.J. 295 competitive advantage 287 Bureau of Transport and Regional congestion eff ect 281, 282, 295 Economics 160, 161, 163, 164, defi nition 285–6 165, 166, 169, 171, 172, 174, 175, face-to-face contact 294 177, 180, 181, 186 high expense in 282, 295 bureaucracy, new fi rm foundation 213, knowledge dissemination 283–4 220, 225, 227–8 labour supply in 291 business services sector 163, 164, 166 localization economies 55 Buttner, E.H. 122 market linkages 284 MNE and non-MNE compared Cairns, R. 260 18–19, 291–2 Cameron, C.M. 236 outsourcing 284 Caminal, R. 260 proximity benefi ts 281, 291, 293, Canary Wharf 285, 286 295–6 Canberra 172, 173 reputation spillover 289, 291 Caniëls, M. 67, 72 research and development (R&D) Capello, R. 3 52 captive entrepreneurship 123 role of multinational enterprises Carayol, N. 85, 86, 87, 88 285 Card, D. 11 skills transfer 284, 291, 294 Carlsson, B. 98 subsidiaries 283–4 Charlie Karlsson, Börje Johansson and Roger R. Stough - 9781781953549 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 10/02/2021 08:23:46PM via free access KKARLSSONARLSSON ((9781848443280)9781848443280) PPRINT.inddRINT.indd 337070 220/07/20120/07/2012 112:182:18 Index 371 Coase, R.H. 217 contracts, payment systems 258–60, Cobb–Douglas production function 74 261, 264 Coe, D.T. 323, 327, 344 convergence Coggan, P. 288 industry sectors 163 Cohen, W.M. 8, 78 regions 159–60 collaborative advantage 159 Cook, G.S. 18, 283, 295 Commission on Conduct of core-periphery model 5 Referendum, 1996 251 corporate structure ownership fi rms communication 328, 330, 331, 333 benefi ts of proximity 8 Corporation of London 285 creative regions 31 Cowan, R. 88, 89 direct interaction 80–81 creative regions externalities 80–81 characteristics 31 human interaction 38 communication channels 8–9 networks 3 consumer-driven processes 36–8 spatial scales 344 creative vs. productive human spillover eff ects 9 activity 29–30 communications sector 164 cultural aspects 31 Community Development economic development 28–34 Employment Programme (CDEP) economic diversifi cation in 30–31 164 human capital in 37–8 Community Innovation Surveys (CIS) import and export fl ows 30 145 information rich vs. information community opportunity–vulnerability poor 30 framework 182–3 institutions 29 commuting 37, 196, 198–9 international network system 38–41 comparative advantage knowledge fl ows 39, 47 causes 35 the knowledge society 28–9 export fl ows 301 producer-driven processes 35–6 regional 159, 160, 166 research and development (R&D) Ricardian model 35–6, 56 activity 30 spatial product cycle theory 44–5 structural instability in 32 specialized industries 165 trade and location 34–8 competitive advantage transport infrastructure 28–9, 30 creativity and problem-solving 8 urban centres 2, 3, 34, 39, 41–9, 53 regional 159 creativity regional innovation for 234 characteristics 29–30 competitive environment 217, 219 competitive advantage and 8 compliance costs 227 creative processes 31–3 Comtrade database (UN) 307 defi nitions 32–3 congestion eff ect, clustering 281, 282 economic development and 28–34 conservative interest groups 238, human abilities 33 243–4, 250 motivations for 33–4 construction industry 163, 164 spillover eff ects 28 consumer behaviour credit cards 257–8 information acquired through Criscuolo, C. 321 settlement services 257 culture loyalty programmes eff ect 260 creative regions 31, 34 transport utility 257–8, 259–61, entrepreneurial 102, 216, 218–19 262–4 cumulative causation 55 Charlie Karlsson, Börje Johansson and Roger R. Stough - 9781781953549 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 10/02/2021 08:23:46PM via free access KKARLSSONARLSSON ((9781848443280)9781848443280) PPRINT.inddRINT.indd 337171 220/07/20120/07/2012 112:182:18 372 The regional economics of knowledge and talent Darby, M.R. 81 external 51–2, 54–5, 56 Darwin 166, 173 infl uencing comparative advantage Davidsson, P. 214, 219, 220 35 Deakins, D. 123 infl uencing regional specialization 51 ‘death of geography’ 18, 281, 295 internal 51, 54, 56 defence industries sector 163, 164, 166 spatial product cycle theory 44–5 Delli, C. 235 economies of scope 51 Delmar, F. 221 education Department of Home Aff airs and the entrepreneurs 220–21, 225, 228 Environment 170, 181 equalization in levels of attainment Department of Trade and Industry 285 187 deregulation income levels and 181, 187 the ‘Big Bang’ 288 migrant minority population 107–9, fostering entrepreneurship 99 110–11, 122 MNE spatial organization and 282, and occupation outcomes, Australia 283 171–2, 174 Swedish economy 214 opportunity–vulnerability Desai, M. 220 framework 182–3 disagreement equilibrium 243–4 sector 164, 166 diversifi cation, industry see also human capital attractor of ‘new economy’ activities Einarsson, H. 310 160 Ejermo, O. 194 employment distribution 165–6, 186 El Salvador 134, 135, 141 endogenous growth factor 160, 179 Elhorst, J.P. 195 favourable to innovation 78–9 emigration see migration fl ows income stability and growth 180–81 employment population size and 186 and education outcomes, Australia regional Australia 169–70 171–2, 174 and size of regional economy 165, growth linked to regional 167–8 populations 170–71 strategy for growth 160, 186–7 by industry sector 163–7, 186 ‘stylised facts’ 160 industry structural change and urban centres, Australia 166–7 181–2 Dixit, A.K. 323 legislation 227–8 Djankov, S. 217, 222 migrant minority population 112–14 domestically owned enterprises 328–32 shift-share analysis 179–80 ‘double network’ 136 urban centres 10 Downs, A. 235 see also jobseekers Draca, M. 176 endogenous development factors 17 Drucker, P. 1 human capital 2, 160–61, 162, 179, Dunning, J.H. 282, 283, 285 184, 187, 188 Dupuy, C. 283 income levels 180, 184 Duranton, G. 3, 4, 9, 70, 71, 72, 79, industry structure 160, 162–70, 179, 80, 160 180, 184, 186, 188 Dwyer, J. 171, 176 policy and planning implications 188–9 Eaton, J. 323, 324, 327 population size and growth 184, 186, econometric method 224–5 187, 188 economies of scale spatial variations model 183–5, export fl ows 301 187–8 Charlie Karlsson, Börje Johansson and Roger R.