2 Understanding the History Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 9 2. Understanding the History 17th Century Flooding of Kings Weston levels 1687 Southwell seeks advice of Robert Sir Robert Southwell Hooke for a flood purchases the estate alleviation scheme 1679 Southwell develops Sir Robert Merchant Venturers the formal gardens Southwell elected pay Hook £5 President of the towards ‘repairing Royal Society the com passe on Letters from 1690–1695 Pen Pole ill’ Southwell to 1668 Evelyn for advice Humphrey Hook on laying out the King William I I , he b uys Kings Weston gardens Prince of range, Estate 1684 -1685 entertained at Kings 1658 Weston 1690 Kings Weston house and grounds Owners Designers Bristol events Historic events and themes English Civil War Charles I restored Edward Southwell 1642-1651 to the throne. visits et Loo Palace Founding of the Birth of Sir ohn 1696 Parlia entarian Royal Society V anb rugh rule under liver 1660 1664 Cromwell 1653-1659 J ohn Evelyn’ s Sylva pub lished 1664 Dyrham Park west front co m issioned 1692 1660 Formal Restoration Landscape 1702 Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) 10 Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 2. Understanding the History 18th Century Sir ohn an rugh Edward Southwell III 1720 inherits Work on Kings 1755 H om e Lodge and Weston house Park Lodge built completed c1768-1790 Edward Southwell I Sir ohn an rugh A Sunday coach inherits 17th June 1712 to Shireha pton 1702 Work on Kings via enb ury is Weston house View of the introduced to cater Great Court T hom as Wright visits for excursionists “ Kings Weston ill, commences a Poem ” 1746 Robert Mylne 1776 1784 1787 designs stable block, “the place is greatly lodges with pond Shireham pton Lodge improved” The Halett Survey and kitchen gardens c1767-1771 1720 c1763 J ohannes Kip Edward Southwell engraving Colen Cam pb ell 1712 I I I dies D esigns for design for 1777 Loggia and Penpole Gate View of Vanbrugh’s Edward Southwell IV Alehouse 1723 Great errace inherits the estate 1718 c1760-1768 and the title 21st “ Kings Weston to Grimm Drawings I saac aylor survey Baron de Clifford Bristol Channel” 1788 1772 Pocock 1785 Edward Southwell II Stoke Park Statue of ercules Humphrey Repton inherits at Goldney Capability Brown co m issioned at Blenhei 1750-1786 paid £84 for Palace 1730 1768 Blaise Castle Thomas Wright alterations around 1795 1705 Seaton elaval working at Stoke the House and Vanbrugh’s Park, Bristol Sham castle at Terrace 1718 works Blaise uilt to c1778 start Vanbrugh designs designs of Mylne Castle house 1766 Howard 1701 Colen Cam pb ell Robert Mylne Construction pub lishes itruvius designs Blackfriars of Vanbrugh’s Britannicus D eath of Sir ohn Bridge design 1715-1725 V anb rugh 1760 commences 1726 1709 Baroq ue Landscape 1730 1750 ‘English’ Landscape 1 7 9 9 Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 11 2. Understanding the History 19th Century I ron Bridge 1819 Balustrade John McAdam’s 1850 turnpike improvements reformalisation of the and cutting Great Terrace H enb ury Lodge is uilt Philip William c1820-1840 Skinner Miles inherits the estate Avenue Replanting 1845 Philip Napier Miles c1860-1890 Edward Southwell inherits the estate I V dies replanting of formal 1881 1833 avenues along The Walk and Penpole Wood T aylor’ s nd ed. ap T hom as opper of Gloucestershire Southwell family 1846 1800 sell Kings Weston to commences Philip John Miles alterations to house O rdnance Survey st 1833 edition 1888 Kings Weston house and grounds Owners Designers Bristol events Historic events and themes Ashton Court Leigh Court Dowager Queen 1802 1814 New Avonmouth 1845 docks open National Trust Humphrey Repton Humphrey Repton 1895 produces designs for commissioned entertained at Kings 1877 Sir Hugh Smyth Weston and Blaise Established Leigh Court Bristol Port Railway 1811 and Pier sche e opens through purchased by Philip John Shirehampton Park Miles. 1865 Clifton N apoleonic War Suspension 1803-1814 Bridge opens 1864 1 7 9 9 Pictures ue Landscape 1840 1850 Landscape Re-formalisation Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) 12 Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 2. Understanding the History 20th Century 21st Century House restored with pu lic funds 1962-63 Construction of Lawrence Weston housing estate College of echnology c1962-1970 Loggia restored com m ences and converted to 1947 Department of Architecture Bristol Corporation and Sociology Repair of the residential use H istoric Landscape purchase 104 acres Brewhouse c2001 Conservation Plan of the grounds 1988-1990 2012-13 Bristol Corporation Police raining 1937 BBPT and BCC requisition the main house Centre H ouse and and purchase the stab les 1970 i m ediate grounds Bristol Municipal Charities and kitchen gardens for a Shireha pton purchase the ain house put up for sale Golf Club school 1937 1948 T he Echo Bristol City J ohn ardy 2011 founded Philip Napier Miles 1974 Avon and Council uy purchases Kings 1907 gives Shireha pton Som erset Police the house and Weston ouse on Dower House Re p ai r e d Sir ohn an rugh Park land to the constructed in the propose regional i m ediate long leasehold National Trust and headq uarters grounds from 2000 2014 kitchen gardens for Mrs Penpole Lodge stabilised 1922 Miles dem olished 1977 Avon County 350th anniversary Council Operated as of his birth War em orial 1938 1952 Kings Weston restaurant, cafe, D eath of Philip 1996 erected Construction of QEH Stable block Preservation conference centre 1921 Napier Miles Society Kings Weston 1935 school in the grounds saved from ab andoned demolition established Action Group 1939 for ed 1959 2011 World War Portway opens World War I Norman Routledge 1914-1918 1926 1939-1945 M5 M4 puchases Kings Napier Miles Kings Weston Bristol Weston ouse Vaughan Williams’ Lark 1967-1974 1996 opens Kings House and grounds Building Opening of the 2012 Weston as an Ascending requisitioned by Construction of Preservation Second Severn Bristol First Elected auxiliary hospital 1920 War Office M5 motorway and T rust Crossing first public performance Avonmouth Bridge 1981 Mayor held at Shirehampton Established 2012 Public Hall George Ferguson M4 H istoric Landscape Portway 1966 Management Plan Know Your First Severn 1994 1919 Kings Weston Crossing Nicholas Pearson 2012 construction opened Associates Ltd commences Community Event 1900 Philanthropy & Recreation 1930s 1 9 3 7 Institutional Landscape Decline 1920 Historic Landscape Conservation Management Plan January 2014 (version 1.0) Kings Weston Estate City Design Group 13 2. Understanding the History Early History Evidence for the early settlement and development of Covered with a fine calcareous sward, the thin soils King Henry II went on to grant the lordship and district Documentary evidence for the layout of the Kings the Kings Weston landscape is limited to archaeological of the Kingsweston limestone ridge were not suited of Berkeley, including the outlying Kings Weston Weston Manor during the tenure of the Berkeley, finds from excavations in the local area and interpreted to cultivation, and were probably used for animal demesnes, to Robert Fitzhardinge. The Manor passed Wintour and Hook families is limited. However, on the within the regional context. Excavations during the grazing. It was the land between the ridge and the through successive generations of the Fitzhardinge basis of other estates of the period and later evidence, 20th century of the prehistoric round barrows (1), Severn Estuary which would have provided richer and Berkeley families before it was sold by Sir William its likely that: enclosures (2) and hill forts (3) on the Kingsweston opportunities for farm crops. There is some evidence Berkeley to Sir William Wintour in 1570 (11). His son, ridge suggest late bronze age and iron age settlement. for early field patterns on Shirehampton Park (BCC HER Edward Wintour, sold Kings Weston to Humphrey ͹ a formal landscape of productive and ornamental 1954M and 1742M). Hook, an alderman and merchant of Bristol. Kings Close to the lowest crossing point on the River gardens and courtyards surrounding the house Weston was inherited by his grandson, Sir Humphrey Avon, and on a key route between Somerset and By 1086 the tithing of Kings Weston was recorded in ͹ these may have provided the structure for the Hook. Gloucestershire, and between Bristol and Aust, Kings the Domesday Book (10) as having ‘Seven hides and subsequent more extensive layout of the late Weston’s location is likely to have been a strategic one virgate in Westone belong to Berchelai’. Berchelai, In 1668 the Society of Merchant Venturers voted to seventeenth century (13) consideration for settlers. or Berkeley as we now know it, was crown land pay Hook £5 towards repairing “the compasse upon ͹ the manor estate was the administrative centre belonging to King William. In 1779, Samuel Rudder (11) Pen Pole Hill the rest to be made good at his charge.” of a larger tenanted agricultural landscape, which The Roman settlement of Abona (4) at Sea Mills was accords the name of Kings Weston to being ‘the King’s crossed the low lying levels and wrapped around established in the first century as a supply port and When Sir Humphrey died in 1677, heavily indebted, his ancient demesnes and lying farthest westward of any the lower slopes of the ridge military depot on the banks of the Avon. Linked by trustees Hugh Smith and William Cooke sold the estate part of the Berkeley hundred, of which it is a member, ͹ with the possible exception of parts of Penpole Roman road to Aquae Sulis (Bath), the only sizeable to Sir Robert Southwell in 1679 (12) tho’ far detached from the continent of that hundred’.