IADC-13-11 September 2018 Spacecraft Component Vulnerability for Space Debris Impact Issued by IADC Working Group 3 Action Item 31.3 Table of Contents Revision History ....................................................................................................................... 3 List of Authors .......................................................................................................................... 4 List of Affiliations ...................................................................................................................... 4 Scope ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1 Risk Assessment for Spacecraft ....................................................................................... 6 2 Solar Array ........................................................................................................................ 9 2.1 Damage Mode ............................................................................................................ 9 2.2 Impact Experiments and Numerical Simulations / KIT ................................................ 9 2.2.1 Summary of Conditions and Results ................................................................... 9 2.2.2 Details ................................................................................................................ 11 2.3 Recommendation for MMOD risk reduction.............................................................. 14 2.4 References ............................................................................................................... 15 3 Cables ............................................................................................................................. 16 3.1 Damage Mode .......................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Impact Experiments and Numerical Simulations / EMI ............................................. 16 3.3 Impact Experiments and Numerical Simulations / NASA ......................................... 19 3.3.1 Summary of Conditions and Results ................................................................. 19 3.3.2 Details ................................................................................................................ 19 3.3.2.1 Impact Experiments .................................................................................... 19 3.3.2.2 Experimental Conditions and Results ......................................................... 21 3.4 Recommendation for MMOD risk reduction.............................................................. 25 3.5 References ............................................................................................................... 25 4 Battery ............................................................................................................................. 26 4.1 Damage Mode .......................................................................................................... 26 4.2 Impact Experiments and Numerical Simulations / NASA ......................................... 26 4.2.1 Li-Ion Impact Experiments ................................................................................. 26 4.2.2 Ni-H2 Cell Impact Experiments .......................................................................... 29 4.3 Recommendation for MMOD risk reduction.............................................................. 31 4.4 References ............................................................................................................... 31 5 Electronic Box ................................................................................................................. 32 5.1 Damage Mode .......................................................................................................... 32 5.2 Impact Experiments and Numerical Simulations / EMI ............................................. 32 5.3 Recommendation for MMOD risk reduction.............................................................. 34 5.4 References ............................................................................................................... 34 6 Structure / Effect of Material Degradation ....................................................................... 35 6.1 Damage Mode .......................................................................................................... 35 6.2 Impact Experiments and Numerical Simulations / CSA ............................................ 36 6.2.1 Summary of Conditions and Results ................................................................. 36 6.2.2 Details ................................................................................................................ 36 6.2.2.1 Metallic Wall ................................................................................................ 36 6.2.2.2 Structural Panel .......................................................................................... 37 6.2.2.3 Composite Parts ......................................................................................... 42 6.3 Impact Experiments and Numerical Simulations / JAXA .......................................... 48 6.3.1 Summary of Conditions and Results ................................................................. 48 6.3.2 Details ................................................................................................................ 49 6.4 References ............................................................................................................... 53 1 IADC-13-11 Spacecraft Component Vulnerability for Space Debris Impact 7 MLI .................................................................................................................................. 56 7.1 Damage Mode .......................................................................................................... 56 7.2 Impact Experiments and Numerical Simulations / JAXA .......................................... 56 7.2.1 Summary of Conditions and Results ................................................................. 56 7.2.2 Details ................................................................................................................ 59 7.3 Impact Experiments and Numerical Simulations / NASA ......................................... 63 7.3.1 Impact Experiments ........................................................................................... 64 7.3.2 Experimental Conditions and Results ................................................................ 65 7.4 Recommendation for MMOD risk reduction.............................................................. 65 7.5 References ............................................................................................................... 66 8 Pressure Vessel .............................................................................................................. 67 8.1 Damage Mode .......................................................................................................... 67 8.2 Impact Experiments and Numerical Simulations / CNSA ......................................... 67 8.2.1 Summary of Conditions and Results ................................................................. 67 8.2.2 Details ................................................................................................................ 67 8.2.2.1 Propagation of stress wave in pressure vessel under hypervelocity impact ......................................................................................................... 67 8.2.2.2 The motion mechanism of debris cloud in pressure vessel ........................ 68 8.2.2.3 Characteristics of shock wave generated during hypervelocity impact on gas filled pressure vessel ....................................................................... 69 8.2.2.4 Failure of gas filled pressure vessel suffered by hypervelocity impact ....... 70 8.3 Impact Experiments and Numerical Simulations / EMI ............................................. 73 8.4 Recommendation for MMOD risk reduction.............................................................. 77 8.5 References ............................................................................................................... 77 9 Transparent Materials ..................................................................................................... 80 9.1 Damage Mode .......................................................................................................... 80 9.2 Impact Experiments and Numerical Simulations / NASA ......................................... 80 9.2.1 Impact Experiments on Fused Silica Glass ....................................................... 80 9.2.2 Impact Experiments on Hyzod™ Polycarbonate ............................................... 82 9.2.3 Test Results ....................................................................................................... 83 9.3 Recommendation for MMOD risk reduction.............................................................. 83 9.4 References ............................................................................................................... 84 10 Fluid Line ..................................................................................................................... 85 10.1 Impact Experiments and Numerical Simulations / EMI ........................................