1 IOT AND FOURTH ORDER CYBERNETICS GISFI - 5G “NETWORKED SOCIETY” SEPTEMBER 01, 2014 Bipin Pradeep Kumar [[email protected]] 2 Cybernetics Κυβερνητική: kyvernitikí - steer, navigate, govern ̱ ̱ “the study of self-governance” Plato (Alcibiades, 350 BC) "the scientific study of control and John: “You're like a machine communication in the animal and the underneath, right? But sort of alive machine.” outside?” Norbert Wiener (Cybernetics: Or Terminator: “I'm a cybernetic Control and Communication in the organism. Living tissue over a Animal and the Machine, 1948) metal endoskeleton” John and the Terminator (Terminator II, 1991) Bipin.Kumar[[email protected]] 3 Automatic Regulatory System (Self Regulatory Mechanisms) Feedback loop 250 BC 1781 1927 2011 20XX Water Clock Steam Engine Negative Feedback Learning Thermostat Meta-materials (Ktesibios) (James Watt) Amplifier (Nest Labs) Emergence (Harold Stephen) Medical Cybernetics Autopoiesis Bipin.Kumar[[email protected]] 4 Types of Cybernetics Two major types of Cybernetic systems Evolving new structure New 6 principles and 2 Laws ( System subsumed from Laws of State Control Systems) “Principles of Systems and Syste Syste Cybernetics: an evolutionary m m perspective”, Heylighen 4 Orders of Cybernetics Morphostatic Morphogenetic • System internally dynamic • System internally dynamic • Structurally Stable • Dynamic structure • Governed by negative • Governed by negative & feedback loops positive feedback loops • Feedback loops contained • Feedback loops to within system external systems Ex: Thermostat Ex: Living organisms, human society Bipin.Kumar[[email protected]] 5 Holons and Holarchies “Ghost in the machine”, Arthur Koestler, 1967 Holon - Is something that is simultaneously a part of a whole Me and a whole itself Organs Holons are autonomous, self-reliant units Tissues that possess a degree of independence and handle contingencies without asking Cells higher authorities for instructions. Molecules Holarchy – A form of hierarchy. Is a whole that is also a structure of parts that are in themselves wholes. Bipin.Kumar[[email protected]] 6 Holons and IoT A Holon will look as a whole to those parts beneath it in the hierarchy, but it will look as a part to the wholes above it. • To an individual, s/he is a whole. Smart Nation • A home/office/industry is a whole (Digital India) • Civic infrastructure is a whole • A City is a whole Smart Cities • A Nation is a whole Smart Infrastructure Smart Homes/ offices Part vs. Whole creates dichotomies of: Individual/ • Independence versus integration, Wearables • Individuality versus unity, • Competition versus cooperation, • Cause versus effect, Bipin.Kumar[[email protected]] 7 Orders of Cybernetics Level The kind of systems that are Defining characteristics applicable at this level First Order Self regulated mechanisms. No act of Negative feedback; homeostasis; Cybernetics observation isolated/closed process Second Order The process of self regulation is affected Positive and negative feedback Cybernetics by observer/s, but this is insufficiently can lead to morphogenesis complex to encourage new values to emerge Third Order The process is understood as an The system acknowledges its Cybernetics interaction that affects or is affected by surroundings the observer, but does not address what this means for the response-ability or responsibility of the participant observer Fourth Order Multiple realities emerge by the freedom 4th order systems are Holarchic. Cybernetics of choice of the creative observer, that The system is contextualised, determine the outcome for both the embedded and integrated into the system and the observer. context Bipin.Kumar[[email protected]] 8 Complex Interacting Systems; Adaptive Systems Integrate d City Trans- Smart Cities/ Villages Ops disciplinary; (Digital India) Collaborative Perenni Sufficient Evolving new al water Energy structure for all Smart Smart Other civic/ Smart Infrastructure/ Water Grid environmental/ Utilities Mngmt social/ cultural systems Smart Homes/Industries /Malls Individual/ Personal Wearables Bipin.Kumar[[email protected]] 9 Concluding: Bringing it all together 1. We need software, applications, ecosystems that will leverage these 5G: ??? 2. We need I. Complex Interacting Systems, For 5G to succeed: II. Large Adaptive Systems III. Creation of Massive Multi-Agent • Not enough to just build high Ecosystems speed networks, IV. Terra’mous’ Transdisciplinary Systems • Not enough to create fixed- 3. We need Interconnected Ambient Intelligence- mobile convergence, Intelligence at the periphery as much as at the • Not enough to think about small core cells 4. There is more value in Interconnected Ambient • Not enough to say ‘I will give you Intelligence than individual intelligent systems 4K quality video communication’ 5. We need more Holons; more socially beneficial Emergence 6. We need large systems that interact with themselves and with each other and even produce for themselves Bipin.Kumar[[email protected]] Bipin.Kumar[[email protected]] 10 THANK YOU [email protected] Bipin.Kumar[[email protected]] 11 DATA AND BACK UP SLIDES 12 6 principles of Cybernetics 1. The Principle of Selective Retention • Stable configurations are retained, unstable ones are eliminated. 2. The Principle of Autocatalytic Growth • Stable configurations that facilitate the appearance of configurations similar to themselves will become more numerous 3. The Principle of Asymmetric Transitions: entropy and energy • A transition from an unstable configuration to a stable one is possible, but the converse is not. 4. The Principle of Blind Variation • At the most fundamental level variation processes “do not know” which of the variants they produce will turn out be be selected 5. The Principle of Selective Variety • The larger the variety of configurations a system undergoes, the larger the probability that at least one of these configurations will be selectively retained. 6. The Principle of Recursive Systems Construction • BVSR processes recursively construct stable systems by the recombination of stable building blocks Bipin.Kumar[[email protected]] 13 2 Laws of Control Systems • The Law of Requisite Variety • The larger the variety of actions available to a control system, the larger the variety of perturbations it is able to compensate. • The Law of Requisite Knowledge • In order to adequately compensate perturbations, a control system must “know” which action to select from the variety of available actions. Bipin.Kumar[[email protected]].