BALIYANS.COM | AN INSIGHT INITIATIVE Prelims 2020 Test Series: https://baliyans.com/test-series/prelims-test-series-2020 Mains 2019 Test Series: https://baliyans.com/test-series/mains-2019-test-series UPSC PRELIMS 2019 SET C ANSWER KEY 1. In the context of digital technologies for entertainment, consider the following statements: 1. In Augmented Reality (AR), a simulated environment is created and the physical world is completely shut out. 2. In Virtual Reality (VR), images generated from a computer are projected onto real-life objects or surroundings. 3. AR allows individuals to be present in the world and improves the experience using the camera of smart- phone or PC. 4. VR closes the world, and transposes an individual, providing complete immersion experience. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 and 4 (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 4 only Explanation Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive experience of a real-world environment where the objects that reside in the real-world are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory and olfactory. The overlaid sensory information can be constructive (i.e. additive to the natural environment), or destructive (i.e. masking of the natural environment). This experience is seamlessly interwoven with the physical world such that it is perceived as an immersive aspect of the real environment.In this way, augmented reality alters one's ongoing perception of a real-world environment. Virtual reality completely replaces the user's real-world environment with a simulated one. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_reality& https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality 2. The word 'Denisovan' is sometimes mentioned in media in reference to (a) fossils of a kind of dinosaurs (b) an early human species (c) a cave system found in North-East India (d) a geological period in the history of Indian subcontinent Explanation Scientists have uncovered the most complete remains yet from the mysterious ancient-hominin group known as the Denisovans. The jawbone, discovered high on the Tibetan Plateau and dated to more than 160,000 years ago, is also the first Denisovan specimen found outside the Siberian cave in which the hominin was uncovered a decade ago — confirming suspicions that Denisovans were more widespread than the fossil record currently suggests. The research marks the first time an ancient human has been identified solely through the analysis of proteins. With no usable DNA, scientists examined proteins in the specimen’s teeth, raising hopes that more fossils could be identified even when DNA is not preserved. Thus, Option B is Correct. 3. With reference to the recent developments in science, which one of the following statements is not correct? (a) Functional chromosomes can be created by joining segments of DNA taken from cells of different species. (b) Pieces of artificial functional DNA can be created in laboratories. Central Delhi: 73, Near Axis Bank, Old Rajinder Nagar Ph. 011-45090051, 09818333201, 09871216382 MISSION IAS 2020 India's Most Popular PRELIMS TEST SERIES 45 Online / Offline Tests Detailed Explanation with video discussion Personal Attention & Individual Feedback Commences : 15 June 2019 Fee : `11500/- Pay Just : `4500/- Early bird discount 60% for First 1000 Admissions SUBSCRIBE IMMEDIATELY https://baliyans.com/prelims-test-series-2020 65/100 Questions in IAS GS Prelims 2018 were Directly from Our Test Series BALIYANS.COM | AN INSIGHT INITIATIVE Prelims 2020 Test Series: https://baliyans.com/test-series/prelims-test-series-2020 Mains 2019 Test Series: https://baliyans.com/test-series/mains-2019-test-series (c) A piece of DNA taken out from an animal cell can be made to replicate outside a living cell in a laboratory. (d) Cells taken out from plants and animals can be made to undergo cell division in laboratory petri dishes. Explanation Option(b) Pieces of artificial functional DNA can be created in laboratories.In 2007 Scientistsin Japan reported development of the world's first DNA molecule made almost entirely of artificial parts. The finding opened up huge possibilities in gene therapy. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/07/080707091915.htm Option(c) A piece of DNA taken out from an animal cell can be made to replicate outside a living cell in a laboratory.It is exactly what is done through Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology.PCR mimics what happens in cells when DNA is copied (replicated) prior to cell division, but it is carried out in controlled conditions in a laboratory. The machine that is used is simply called a PCR machine or a thermocycler. https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/2347-what-is-pcr Option:(d) Cells taken out from plants and animals can be made to undergo cell division in laboratory petri dishes Plants cells are totipotent and a single cell has the potential to divide through mitosis in sterile conditions in a culture petridish to grow into a mature plant .Similarly animal cells can undergo mitotic cell division upto multicelled stages in a cultured petridishexamples: Somatic cell nuclear transfer technology(reproductive cloning) and Zygote created through Invitro fertilization. Option (a)Functional chromosomes can be created by joining segments of DNA taken from cells of different species is incorrect as it is functional DNA which can be created through recombinant DNA technology by joining DNA taken from different species. https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/recombinant-dna-technology-and-transgenic-animals 4. Consider the following statements: A digital signature is 1. an electronic record that identifies the certifying authority issuing it 2. used to serve as a proof of identity of an individual to access information or server on Internet 3. an electronic method of signing an electronic document and ensuring that the original content is unchanged Which of the statements given above is / are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Explanation A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital messages or documents. A valid digital signature, where the prerequisites are satisfied, gives a recipient very strong reason to believe that the message was created by a known sender (authentication), and that the message was not altered in transit (integrity). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signature 5. In the context of wearable technology, which of the following tasks is/are accomplished by wearable devices? 1. Location identification of a person 2. Sleep monitoring of a person Central Delhi: 73, Near Axis Bank, Old Rajinder Nagar Ph. 011-45090051, 09818333201, 09871216382 BALIYANS.COM | AN INSIGHT INITIATIVE Prelims 2020 Test Series: https://baliyans.com/test-series/prelims-test-series-2020 Mains 2019 Test Series: https://baliyans.com/test-series/mains-2019-test-series 3. Assisting the hearing impaired person Select the correct answer using the code given below. (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Explanation Wearable technology, wearables, fashion technology, tech togs, or fashion electronics are smart electronic devices (electronic device with micro-controllers) that can be incorporated into clothing or worn on the body as implants or accessories. Wearable devices such as activity trackers are an example of the Internet of Things, since "things" such as electronics, software, sensors, and connectivity are effectors that enable objects to exchange data (including data quality) through the internet with a manufacturer, operator, and/or other connected devices, without requiring human intervention. Wearable technology has a variety of applications which grows as the field itself expands. It appears prominently in consumer electronics with the popularization of the smartwatch and activity tracker. Apart from commercial uses, wearable technology is being incorporated into navigation systems, advanced textiles, and healthcare. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearable_technology 6. 'RNA interference (RNAi) technology has gained popularity in the last few years. Why? 1. It is used in developing gene silencing therapies. 2. It can be used in developing therapies for the treatment of cancer. 3. It can be used to develop hormone replacement therapies. 4. It can be used to produce crop plants that are resistant to viral pathogens. Select the correct answer using the code given below. (a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1 and 4 only Explanation RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules. RNAi is also known as post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising gene regulatory approach in functional genomics that has significant impact on crop improvement. RNAi has also been exploited in plants for resistance against pathogens, insect/pest, nematodes, and virus that cause significant economic losses. This novel approach opens new avenues for crop improvement by developing disease resistant, abiotic or biotic stress tolerant, and high yielding elite varieties. RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism for gene silencing. Such mechanism possesses an unusual ability in targeting cancer-related genes. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC309050/ 7. Recently, scientists observed the merger of giant 'blackholes' billions of light-years away from the Earth. What is the significance of this observation? (a) 'Higgs boson particles' were detected. Central Delhi: 73, Near Axis Bank, Old Rajinder Nagar Ph. 011-45090051, 09818333201, 09871216382 BALIYANS.COM | AN INSIGHT INITIATIVE Prelims 2020 Test Series: https://baliyans.com/test-series/prelims-test-series-2020 Mains 2019 Test Series: https://baliyans.com/test-series/mains-2019-test-series (b) 'Gravitational waves' were detected. (c) Possibility of inter-galactic space travel through 'wormhole' was confirmed. (d) It enabled the scientists to understand 'singularity'. Explanation Billions of light years away, two black holes have collided to create a larger one – the biggest black hole merger yet detected.