Primates in Peril The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018 Edited by Christoph Schwitzer, Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands, Federica Chiozza, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Elizabeth J. Macfie, Janette Wallis and Alison Cotton Illustrations by Stephen D. Nash IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG) International Primatological Society (IPS) Conservation International (CI) Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Published by: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Copyright: ©2017 Conservation International All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Inquiries to the publisher should be directed to the following address: Russell A. Mittermeier, Chair, IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. Citation (report): Schwitzer, C., Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B., Chiozza, F., Williamson, E.A., Macfie, E.J., Wallis, J. and Cotton, A. (eds.). 2017. Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. 99 pp. Citation (species): Salmona, J., Patel, E.R., Chikhi, L. and Banks, M.A. 2017. Propithecus perrieri (Lavauden, 1931). In: C. Schwitzer, R.A. Mittermeier, A.B. Rylands, F. Chiozza, E.A. Williamson, E.J. Macfie, J. Wallis and A. Cotton (eds.), Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018, pp. 40-43. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. Layout and illustrations: © Stephen D. Nash, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, and Department of Anatomical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. Available from: Jill Lucena, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.primate-sg.org Printed by: Gemini West, Bristol, UK ISBN: 978-0-692-96094-3 Front cover photo: Gee’s golden langur (Trachypithecus geei). Photo © Dilip Chetry Back cover photo: White-thighed colobus (Colobus vellerosus). Photo © Luke Larter ii Contents Acknowledgements.........................................................................................iv The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates: 2016–2018..........................................1 Africa .........................................................................................................................10 Mountain galago (Paragalago orinus) .............................................................................11 Roloway monkey (Cercopithecus diana roloway) .............................................................14 White-thighed colobus (Colobus vellerosus) .....................................................................18 Niger Delta red colobus (Piliocolobus epieni) ...................................................................22 Grauer’s gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri) ........................................................................25 Madagascar ................................................................................................................ 29 Gerp’s mouse lemur (Microcebus gerpi) ............................................................................30 Lac Alaotra gentle lemur (Hapalemur alaotrensis) ...........................................................32 Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) .........................................................................................35 James’ sportive lemur (Lepilemur jamesorum) ..................................................................38 Perrier’s sifaka (Propithecus perrieri) ...............................................................................40 Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis).........................................................................44 Asia....................................................................................................47 Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) .............................................................................48 Pig-tailed snub-nosed langur (Simias concolor) .................................................................52 Gee’s golden langur (Trachypithecus geei) ........................................................................55 Golden-headed langur or Cat Ba langur (Trachypithecus poliocephalus poliocephalus) 59 Tonkin snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) ....................................................61 Crested macaque (Macaca nigra) .......................................................................................64 Western purple-faced langur (Semnopithecus vetulus) ......................................................68 Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) ………….................................................................72 Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)...…...…………………………………………75 Neotropics ................................................................................................................79 Caqueta titi monkey (Plecturocebus caquetensis)..............................................................80 Brown-headed spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps) ...............................................................83 Ka’apor capuchin (Cebus kaapori) .....................................................................................88 Geoffroy’s spider monkey Ateles( geoffroyi) .....................................................................91 Northern brown howler (Alouatta guariba guariba) ..........................................................96 Editors’ addresses .....................................................................................................100 Contributors’ addresses ............................................................................................100 iii Acknowledgements Here, we present the 2016–2018 iteration of the World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates list, drawn up during an open meeting held during the XXVI Congress of the International Primatological Society (IPS), Chicago, 22 August 2016. We have updated the species profiles from the 2014–2016 edition (Schwitzer et al. 2015) for those species remaining on the list, and added additional profiles for newly listed species. This publication is a joint effort of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, the International Primatological Society, Conservation International, and the Bristol Zoological Society. We are most grateful to the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation for providing significant support for research and conservation efforts on these endangered primates through the direct provision of grants and through the Primate Action Fund, administered by Ms. Ella Outlaw, of the Executive Vice Chair’s Office at Conservation International. Over the years, the foundation has provided support for the training workshops held before the biennial congresses of the International Primatological Society and helped primatologists to attend the meetings to discuss the composition of the list of the world’s 25 most endangered primates. We would like to thank all of the authors who contributed to the final 2016–2018 version: Marc Ancrenaz, Tsarafilamatra Rotsi Andriamisedra, Yves Rostant Andriamalala, Matthew A. Banks, Dominique Bertrand, P.C. Bhattacharjee, Gerson Buss, Surendranie J. Cabral, Bosco P. L. Chan, Óscar M. Chaves, Dilip Chetry, Rekha Chetry, Lounès Chikhi, Jessica Citrola, Tara Clarke, Lisa Danish, Thomas R. Defler, Andrea Dempsey, Thanh Hai Dong, William Dreyer, Antje Engelhardt, Dwi Febriyanti, Javier García, Diana C. Guzmán-Caro, Simon J. Husson, Rachel Ashegbofe Ikemeh, Leandro Jerusalinsky, Daphne Kerhoas, Marni LaFleur, Quyet Le Khac, Edward E. Louis, Jr., Elizabeth J. Macfie, Reiko Matsuda Goodwin, W. Scott McGraw, Fabiano R. Melo, Pedro G. Méndez-Carvajal, Alba Lucía Morales-Jiménez, Tilo Nadler, Neahga Leonard, K. Anne I. Nekaris, Leonardo G. Neves, Vincent Nijman, Stuart Nixon, Georges Nobime, John F. Oates, Lisa M. Paciulli, Richard J. Passaro, Erik R. Patel, Andrew Perkin, Phan Duy Thuc, Andrew J. Plumptre, Gabriela Ponce, Héctor Portillo-Reyes, Gilberto Pozo Montuy, Helder Queiroz, Ute Radespiel, Martina Raffel, Brigitte M. Raharivololona, Doménico R. Randimbiharinirina, Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Lena M. Reibelt, Kim Reuter, Bonarge A. Rodríguez- Beitia, Melissa Rodríguez-Menjívar, Rasanayagam Rudran, Anthony B. Rylands, Jordi Salmona, Daniela Schrudde, Timothy M. Sefczek, Roswitha Stenke, Maurício Talebi, Diego G. Tirira, S. Utami-Atmoko, Patrick O. Waeber, Edward D. Wiafe, and Serge A. Wich. References Schwitzer, C., Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B., Chiozza, F., Williamson, E.A., Wallis, J. and Cotton, A. (eds.). 2015. Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2014– 2016. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. iv+93pp. iv The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates: 2016–2018 Here we report on the ninth iteration of the biennial species enduring equally bleak prospects for their listing of a consensus of the 25 primate species future survival. considered to be among the most