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Give Us A Call: Ask Us About These Great Products: Stratagene USA and Canada SideStep™ Lysis and Stabilization Buffer (100 rxn) 400900 Order: (800) 424-5444 x3 SideStep™ Lysis and Stabilization Buffer (50 rxn) 400901 Technical Services: (800) 894-1304 x2 SideStep™ mRNA Enrichment Kit 400902 Brilliant® SYBR® Green SideStep™ QPCR Master Mixa 400904 Stratagene Japan K.K. Brilliant® SideStep™ QRT-PCR Probe Master Mix, 1-stepa,b 400907 Order: 03-5159-2060 Technical Services: 03-5159-2070 a. Purchase of this product is accompanied by a license under the foreign counterparts of U.S. Patents Nos. 4,683,202, 4,683,195 and 4,965,188 for use in the polymerase chain reaction Stratagene Europe (PCR) process, where such process is covered by patents, in conjunction with a thermal Order: 00800-7000-7000 cycler whose use in the automated performance of the PCR process is covered by the up-front license fee, either by payment to Applied Biosystems or as purchased, i.e., an authorized Technical Services: 00800-7400-7400 thermal cycler. www.stratagene.com b. Use of labeling reagents may require licenses from entities other than Stratagene. For example, use of fluorogenic probes in 5' nuclease assays may require licenses under U.S. Patent Nos. 6,214,979, 5,804,375, 5,210,015 and 5,487,972 owned by Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. and under U.S. Patent No. 5,538,848 owned by Applied Biosystems. Big online news from Science • Top 25 downloads • Daily news feed • New product resources New website – retooled and redesigned. If you’re a scientist, the online version of Science puts a world of essential knowledge at your fingertips. And we’re now proud to announce the launch of our redesigned website, which makes it even easier to keep up with the latest breakthroughs, browse journal archives, or find career advice. New features include saved searches and content, a hotlist of the most popular article downloads, and a daily science news feed – to name just a few. Discover the new online version of Science. Visit www.sciencemag.org today. GET THE BIG PICTURE IN SCIENCE GE Healthcare Why do 100,000 scientists trust GE Healthcare for all their protein purification needs? Here’s Ä clue. To 100,000 scientists worldwide, the name ÄKTA™ has always meant outstanding protein purification, and now it’s brought to you by GE Healthcare. With the ability to purify virtually 100% of all biomolecules, the ÄKTAdesign™ platform can handle the toughest of challenges. Whatever the scale, from laboratory, to process development and manufacturing, there’s an ÄKTAdesign system to meet every need. All systems in the ÄKTAdesign family work with the intelligent UNICORN™ software, which makes it easy to control every stage of your purification processes. Accurate, reproducible results just take a little pure imagination. Visit www.amershambiosciences.com/aktadesign © 2005 General Electric Company - All rights reserved. Amersham Biosciences AB, a General Electric company going to market as GE Healthcare. GE15-05 CONTENTS Volume 311, Issue 5757 COVER DEPARTMENTS NASA Spitzer Space Telescope false-color image 11 Science Online of a portion of the Perseus spiral arm of the Milky 12 This Week in Science Way. Bright regions are clusters of newly formed 16 Editors’ Choice stars. Recent observations with the National 18 Contact Science Radio Astronomy Observatory Very Long Baseline 19 NetWatch Array yielded the distance to a newly formed 21 Random Samples star (in the bright cluster toward the lower left) 35 Newsmakers 102 with unprecedented accuracy and precisely Information for Contributors 104 located the Perseus spiral arm. See page 54. New Products 105 Science Careers Image: C. E. Woodward, G. Ruch, T. J. Jones EDITORIAL 15 New Year, New Look, Old Problem by Donald Kennedy NEWS OF THE WEEK LETTERS How Young Korean Researchers Helped Unearth 22 Editorial Expression of Concern D. Kennedy 36 a Scandal … Revamping NIH Study Sections J. Lenard … And How the Problems Eluded Peer Reviewers 23 Clarifications on miRNA and Cancer G. Ruvkun and Editors Coastal Vegetation and the Asian Tsunami Indian Scientist Slain in Surprise Attack 25 F. Dahdouh-Guebas and N. Koedam Response F. Danielsen et al. SCIENCE SCOPE 25 DuPont Settlement to Fund Test of Potential Toxics 26 BOOKS ET AL. NASA Terminates Gore’s Eye on Earth 26 Beam The Race to Make the Laser 39 New Particulate Rules Are Anything but Fine, 27 J. Hecht, reviewed by C. Webb Say Scientists 40 NIH Shrinks, NSF Crawls as Congress Finishes 28 Warped Passages Unraveling the Mysteries of Spending Bills the Universe’s Hidden Dimensions/Unravelling the Universe’s Hidden Dimensions How Saturn’s Icy Moons Get a (Geologic) Life 29 L. Randall, reviewed by J. D. Wells NEWS FOCUS POLICY FORUM A Very Good Year for Explosions 30 Peer Review at NIH 41 33 By Design, New Los Alamos Head T. Scarpa Hopes to Leave Big Imprint on Lab Judge Jones Defines Science— 34 PERSPECTIVES and Why Intelligent Design Isn’t Complexities of Coral Reef Recovery 42 O. Hoegh-Guldberg >> Report p. 98 A Different Kind of Croc 43 J. M. Clark >> Report p. 70 Triangulating the Galaxy 44 J. J. Binney >> Report p. 54 A New Molecule to Brighten the Mood 45 T. Sharp >> Report p. 77 30 CONTENTS >> CREDIT (BOTTOM LEFT): CAMERON SLAYDEN continued www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 311 6 JANUARY 2006 5 Science’s2005 Breakthrough of the Year Evolutionary Biology Watch the Breakthrough of the Year video at www.sciencemag.org/sciext/btoy2005 Get the insider’s perspective on the editorial featured in this issue of Science…interviews with researchers on their extraordinary findings on how evolution proceeds and an insightful commentary by Donald Kennedy—Science’s Editor-in-Chief. FREE ACCESS to this issue until 31 March 2006 ProducedbyBiocompare and Science CONTENTS TECHNICAL COMMENT ABSTRACTS ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE Comment on “AHydrogen-Rich Early Earth Atmosphere” 38 D. C. Catling full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/311/5757/38a Response to Comment on “AHydrogen-Rich Early Earth Atmosphere” F. Tian, O. B. Toon, A. A. Pavlov full text at www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/311/5757/38b W. A. SATURNO ET AL. REVIEW PSYCHOLOGY When Does “Economic Man” Dominate Social Behavior? 47 SCIENCE EXPRESS C. F. Camerer and E. Fehr www.sciencexpress.org BREVIA APPLIED PHYSICS ARCHAEOLOGY 53 Early Maya Writing at San Bartolo, Guatemala Two-Way Laser Link over Interplanetary Distance W. A. Saturno, D. Stuart, B. Beltrán D. E. Smith et al. An early Maya temple contains hieroglyphics dating to about 250 BC, implying that By returning a laser signal beamed from Earth, the Messenger spacecraft writing appeared in Maya societies shortly after it emerged elsewhere in the New World. signaled its position to within 20 centimeters, thus testing an advanced means of space communication. 10.1126/science.1121745 ASTRONOMY REPORTS Cosmological Magnetic Field: A Fossil of Density Perturbations in ASTRONOMY the Early Universe The Distance to the Perseus Spiral Arm in the Milky Way 54 K. Ichiki, K. Takahashi, H. Ohno, H. Hanayama, N. Sugiyama Y. Xu, M. J. Reid, X. W. Zheng, K. M. Menten Scattering of photons off electrons in the primordial universe generated magnetic fields Radio parallax measurements provide an accurate distance to a star strong enough to seed magnetic fields seen in galaxies and galaxy clusters today. cluster in the Perseus spiral arm and show that this cluster is rotating 10.1126/science.1120690 differently than expected for the Milky Way. ECOLOGY >> Perspective p. 44 BREVIA: Post-Wildfire Logging Hinders Regeneration and Increases Fire Risk PHYSICS D. C. Donato et al. Quantum Dynamics of a d-Wave Josephson Junction 57 Unexpectedly, by disturbing the soil, salvage logging after a fire in a Douglas fir forest T. Bauch et al. reduced conifer seedling regeneration by 73% and also added kindling to the forest floor. A high-temperature superconducting device shows macroscopic quantum 10.1126/science.1122855 effects required for an inherently quiet and stable qubit, which is needed for quantum information storage. ASTRONOMY BREVIA: The Orbital Period of the Ultraluminous X-ray Source in M82 CHEMISTRY + 60 P. Kaaret, M. G. Simet, C. C. Lang Quantum Deconstruction of the Infrared Spectrum of CH5 Gas supplied from a bloated star orbiting around a massive black hole, a highly transient X. Huang et al. system that is rarely observed, may periodically brighten a luminous x-ray source. Calculations based on a quantum mechanical potential energy surface reveal specific molecular motions that comprise the experimental 10.1126/science.1121067 + CH5 vibrational spectrum. OCEAN SCIENCE Planktonic Foraminifera of the California Current 63 Reflect 20th-Century Warming D. B. Field et al. Variation in plankton preserved in sediments shows that the Santa Barbara basin has become warmer during the late 20th century than it was at any time during the past 1400 years. CONTENTS continued >> www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 311 6 JANUARY 2006 7 It’shere. Introducing Rosetta Elucidator® system. It’s a flexible, scalable solution for managing and analyzing large volumes of proteomics data.