UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI SCHOOL OF LAW CONTEMPT OF COURT IN KENYA, A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONTEMPT OF COURT ACT NO.46 OF 2016 BY BYARUHANGA McRONALD REG NO : G62/81764/2015 SUPERVISOR: MR.SAMSON ALOSA RESEARCH THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE MASTERS OF LAWS OF THE UNVIERSITY OF NAIROBI. DECLARATION This thesis is my original work except for relevant sources referred and appropriately acknowledged, and it has not been submitted to any University or institution for any award. SIGNED ………………………………………….DATE…………………………………… BYARUHANGA McRONALD REG NO : G62/81764/2015 SCHOOL OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI This Thesis has been submitted for examination for the award of Master of Laws Degree for which the candidate was registered with my approval as the University Supervisor. SIGNED……………………………………..DATE……………………….. MR. SAMSON ALOSA LECTURER SCHOOL OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI i DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my father Mr. Byamukama Wilfred and my late mother Mrs. Emily Byamukama for their love of education and the great lengths they went to see me get a decent education. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank my supervisor Mr.Samsom Alosa , who was more than generous with his time and expertise. I am also grateful to my family for their unwavering support. 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AD Anno Domini AG Attorney General DPP Director of Public Prosecutions All ER All England Law Reports Appl Application CA Court of Appeal CCR The County Court Rules CPR Civil Procedure Rules JSC Judicial Service Commission KLR Kenya Law Reports LLM Master of Laws Misc Miscellaneous RSC Rules of the Supreme Court UK United Kingdom USA United States of America 2 TABLE OF CASES 1. Attorney General vs Times Newspapers Ltd [1974] A 273, 307. 2. Johnson Vs Grant (1923) SC 789 at 790 3. Attorney General v Times Newspapers Ltd [1974] A 273, 307. 4. Teachers Service of Commission .vs.Kenya National Union of Teachers & 2 others [2013] eKLR 5. Republic v Tony Gachoka & Another Cr. Appl. No. NAI 4 OF 1999 (UR). 6. Canadian Metal Company Ltd v Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (No. 2) [1975] 48 DLR (3rd) 641,669. 7. Husson v Husson [1962] 3 ALL ER cited in n 56, Para 65. 8. John Aaron v William G. Cooper 358 US 1 (1958 9. Abbeybarn Limited v Infinity Gemstones Ltd [2000] KLR 248. 10. Shah & Another v Shah [1989] KLR 220. 11. Justus Kariuki Mate & Anor v Martin Nyaga Wambora [2014] eKLR 12. Abdiwahab Ali v Governor, County Government of Garissa & Another [2013] eKLR. 13. John Mugo Gachuki v New Nyamkima Co. Ltd [2012] eKLR 14. Christine Wangari Gachege v Elizabeth Wanjiru Evans [2014]eKLR 15. Clerk v Chadburn [1084] 1.R.L.R 350, [1985] 1 ALL ER 211 cited in David Eady and A.T.H. SmithArlidge, Eady & Smith on Contempt (3rd edn, London Sweet & Maxwell, 205) 139. 16. Julius Wambua Waita v David Kimonyi Mwisa & Another [2014] eKLR 17. Refrigeration and Kitchen Utensils v Gulabchand and Popatlal Shah & Anor, Civil Appl. No. 39 of 1990 (UR) 18. Gurbaresh Singh & Sons Ltd- Misc. Civil Case No. 50 of 1983 19. Re Launder, Launder v Richards [1908] 98 L.T. 554. 20. Re Seal and Edgelow [1903] 1 Ch 87 3 21. Churchman v Joint Shop Stewards Committee of the Workers of the Port of London [1972] 1 W.L.R. 1094 [1098]. 22. Benabo v William Jay & Partners [1940] 4 ALL ER 196 23. Tricon International Ltd v Giro Commercial Bank Ltd [2012] eKLR. 24. Africa Management Communication International Ltd v Joseph Mathenge Mugo[2013] eKLR. 25. Joseph Schilling Bingo (K) Ltd v Star Dust Investments Ltd, CA No. 134 of 1997 (UR). 26. Republic v County Council of Nakuru ex-parte Edward Alera T/a Genesis Reliable Equipment & 2 Others[2011] eKLR. 27. Ochieng Nyamongo & Another v Kenya Posts and Telecommunications Corporation[1994] KLR 1. 28. Mutitika v Baharini Farm Ltd 1985] KLR 229. 29. Andalo & another v James Gleen Ruseel Ltd[1990] KLR 54. 30. M.v.S [2008] KLR 271 31. Republic v The Attorney General Ex parte Birdi A. Gadhia Kisumu H.C. Misc. Appl. No. 124 of 1990 (UR 32. Jane Nduta Maina v Muthoni wa Monica NRB HC Misc. Appl. No.324 of 2012 (UR). 33. Republic v County Council of Nakuru ex-parte Edward Alera2011] eKLR . 34. Republic v Attorney General and 5 others ex-parte Peter Nyamu & Anor, NRB H.C. Misc C.A No. 405 of 2007 (UR). 35. Republic v The Attorney General E-parte Birdi A Gadhia, Kisumu H.C. Misc. Appl. No. 124 of 1990 (UR). 36. Andalo & Another v James Gleen Ruseel Ltd 1990] KLR 54. 37. Clerk v Chadburn [1084] 1.R.L.R 350, [1985] 1 ALL ER 211 38. Julius Wambua Waita v David Kimonyi Mwisa & Another [2014] eKLR 39. Augustine Marete Rukunga v Agnes Njeri Ndungire & Anor[2001] 254 40. Akber Abdullah Kassam Ismail v Equip Agencies Ltd & 4 others[2014] eKLR 41. Nyamodi Ochieng Nyamogo and another-vs-Kenya Posts and Telecommunications Corporation, Civil application number Nairobi 264 of 1993,[1990-1994] 4 42. Titus Munyoki Nzioki v John Kimathi Maingi & another [2013] eKLR. 43. John Mbugua Kimari v John Njoroge Kimari2014] eKLR. 44. Quick Handling Aviation Ltd v Adan Noor Adan[2015] eKLR. 45. North Tetu Farmers Co. Ltd v. Joseph Nderitu Wanjohi(2016) eKLR 46. Mutitika v Baharini Farm Ltd[1985] KLR 229. 47. Secretary General & another- vs- Salah Yakub Farah[2017] eKLR 48. Robert Pukose v Alwin Chepyagan Sasia & 2 others[2017] eKLR 49. Lawises Juma Otete v Orange Democratic Movement, [2017] eKLR 50. Charity Mpano Ntiyione v China Communications Construction Company Limited & National Environment Management Authority[2017] eKLR 51. Republic v County Chief Officer, Finance & Economic Planning, Nairobi City County Ex parte Stanley Mutur[i2017] eKLR 52. Republic v University of Nairobi & another Ex-Parte Nabiswa Wakenya Moses[2017] eKLR 53. Miguna Miguna v Director of Public Prosecutions & 2 others[2018] eKLR 54. Miguna Miguna v Fred Okengo Matiang’i Cabinet Secretary, Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government & 7 others[2018] eKLR 55. Macharia Waiguru v Attorney General & 2 others [2017] eKLR 56. Attorney General-vs-BBC[1981]A.C.303 57. McKeown –vs-The Queen(1971)16D.L.R(3d)390 58. A.G-vs-Sport Newspapers Ltd(1991)1WLR 1194 at 1225G 59. R-vs-Powell(1993)98 Cr.App.R.224 60. R v Callum Iain McLeod 20.12.200? TLR) 61. R-vs-Griffin(1989)88 Cr.App.R.63 62. Attorney-General v Guardian Newspaper Ltd(1992)1W.L.R 874,(1992)3ALL E.R 38 5 63. Attorney-General v MGN Ltd1 [1977] 1 All ER 456. 64. Allason.vs.Random (UK)Ltd [2002]EWHC 1030,[200] All E.R.158 65. Official Receiver v. Brown [2017] AER (D) 97 (Nov) 66. R.v. Montogomery (1995)2ALL E.R.28 67. Universal Business Team PTY Ltd v Lawrence Moffitt(December 2017) 68. Patel v Patel and others[2017] EWHC 3229 (Ch) 69. R.v.Aston(1948)W.N.522 70. Chadwick v. Janecka3d Cir.2002 71. Michaelson v. United States266 U.S. 42 (1924). 72. Young v. United States ex rel. Vuitton,481 U.S. 787, 793–801 (1987 73. United States v. Providence Journal Co.485 U.S. 693 (1988) 74. Spallone v. United States493 U.S. 265 (1990). 75. Ex parte Terry,128 U.S. 289 (1888). 76. Cooke v. United States, 267 U.S. 517 (1925). 77. Sacher v. United States, 343 U.S. 1 (1952). 78. Taylor v. Hayes418 U.S. 488 (1974). 79. Harris v. United States,382 U.S.162(1965) 80. Toledo Newspaper Co. v. United States, 247 U.S. 402 (1918). 81. Craig v. Hecht, 263 U.S. 255 (1923). 82. Nye v. United States, 313 U.S. 33, 47–53 (1941). 83. Bridges v. California, 314 U.S. 252, 260 (1941). 84. Wood v. Georgia,370 U.S. 375 (1962) 85. Sheppard v. Maxwell, 384 U.S. 333, 363 (1966). 6 86. Cheff v. Schnackenberg 384 U.S. 373 (1966). 87. United States –vs-Barnett,376 U.S 681 88. Cooke v. United States,267 U.S. 517, 539 (1925) 89. Sacher v. United States,348 U.S. 11 (1954). 90. Offutt v. United States400 U.S. 455 (1971) 91. Mayberry v .Pennsylvania400 U.S. at 463 92. United States v. United Mine Workers330 U.S. 258 (1947). TABLE OF KENYAN STATUTES AND STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS 1. Constitution of Kenya 2010 2. Civil Procedure Act, Cap. 21 3. Civil Procedure Rules 2010 4. Contempt of Court Act No.46 of 2016 5. Judicature Act 6. Magistrate of Courts Act No. 26 of 2015 TABLE OF FOREIGN STATUTES AND STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS 1. Contempt of Court Act UK,1981 2. Supreme Court Rules, UK 3. Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996,UK 4. Civil Procedure Rules, UK 5. Supreme Court Act, UK 6. Industrial Tribunals Act 1996,UK 7. Employment Tribunals Act 1996,UK 8. Employment Rights (Dispute Resolution)Act 1998,UK 9. Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, USA 10. Judiciary Act of 1789 .USA 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page No. DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................................... i DEDICATION .............................................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................... 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 2 TABLE OF CASES ...................................................................................................................................... 3 TABLE OF KENYAN STATUTES AND STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS .............................................. 7 TABLE OF FOREIGN STATUTES AND STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS ............................................. 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER