R 2010: 8 Support for Parliaments Tanzania and Beyond Inge Amundsen Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) is an independent, non-profit research institution and a major international centre in policy-oriented and applied development research. Focus is on development and human rights issues and on international conditions that affect such issues. The geographical focus is Sub- Saharan Africa, Southern and Central Asia, the Middle East and Latin America. CMI combines applied and theoretical research. CMI research intends to assist policy formulation, improve the basis for decision-making and promote public debate on international development issues. Support for Parliaments Tanzania and Beyond Inge Amundsen Commissioned by the Embassy of Sweden Dar es Salaam, Tanzania R 2010: 8 Back page: Parliament building, Dodoma, Tanzania Photo : Inge Amundsen Project number 10012 Project title Study on support to Parliaments CMI REPORT DONOR SUPPORT TO PARLIAMENTS – TANZANIA AND BEYOND R 2010:8 Contents PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................... V ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................... VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... VIII 1. THE PARLIAMENT OF TANZANIA ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 POLITICAL BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 THE BUNGE AND THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ....................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Dodoma: The Union Parliament .................................................................................................... 4 3.1.2 Zanzibar: House of Representatives .............................................................................................. 5 1.4 RECENT REFORMS AND DEVELOPMENTS ..................................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Economic Development and a Missing ‘Bourgeoisie’? .................................................................. 6 1.4.2 Reformers and Resistance ............................................................................................................. 7 2. DONOR ASSISTANCE TO THE PARLIAMENT OF TANZANIA .................................................................. 9 2.1 HISTORY OF DONOR ASSISTANCE ............................................................................................................... 9 2.2 DEMOCRATISATION AND PARLIAMENT ...................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Deepening Democracy in Tanzania Programme (DDTP) ............................................................. 10 2.2.2 DDTP Parliamentary Support ...................................................................................................... 11 2.2.3 Other Parliamentary Support Efforts .......................................................................................... 12 3. DONOR ASSISTANCE TO OTHER PARLIAMENTS ................................................................................ 13 3.1 GENERAL TRENDS ................................................................................................................................. 13 3.1.1 Forms of Support ......................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.2 Coordination and Baskets ........................................................................................................... 16 3.1.3 Implementing Agencies ............................................................................................................... 16 3.1.4 Measuring Impact ....................................................................................................................... 17 3.2 COMPARATIVE LESSONS ......................................................................................................................... 18 3.2.1 Contextualisation ........................................................................................................................ 18 3.2.2 Long Time Horizon ...................................................................................................................... 20 3.2.3 Demand‐Driven ........................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.4 Political Sensitivity ...................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.5 Issues as Entry Points .................................................................................................................. 22 3.2.6 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness ........................................................................................ 22 3.3 KENYA ................................................................................................................................................ 23 3.3.1 Parliament of Kenya .................................................................................................................... 24 3.3.2 Donor assistance to the Parliament of Kenya ............................................................................. 26 3.3.3 Lessons Learnt from Kenya ......................................................................................................... 27 3.4 UGANDA ............................................................................................................................................ 28 3.4.1 Parliament of Uganda ................................................................................................................. 28 3.4.2 Donor Assistance to the Parliament of Uganda .......................................................................... 29 3.4.3 Lessons Learnt from Uganda....................................................................................................... 32 3.5 ZAMBIA .............................................................................................................................................. 33 3.5.1 Parliament of Zambia.................................................................................................................. 34 3.5.2 Donor Assistance to the Parliament of Zambia ........................................................................... 35 3.5.3 Lessons Learnt from Zambia ....................................................................................................... 36 3.6 CONCLUSION: INSTITUTIONALISATION ...................................................................................................... 37 iii CMI REPORT DONOR SUPPORT TO PARLIAMENTS – TANZANIA AND BEYOND R 2010:8 4. RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 38 4.1 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................... 38 4.1.1 Adhere to the Paris Principles ..................................................................................................... 38 4.1.2 Political Sensitivity ...................................................................................................................... 39 4.2 SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................ 40 4.2.1 Strengthen the Opposition .......................................................................................................... 40 4.2.2 Strengthen the Oversight Committees ........................................................................................ 41 4.2.3 Stem the Resource Curse Tendencies .......................................................................................... 42 4.2.4 Choose the Better Donor Modalities ........................................................................................... 43 4.2.5 Strengthen the DPs Parliamentary Support Capacity ................................................................. 46 4.2.6 Managing for Results .................................................................................................................. 47 ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................................. 48 A1 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................. 48 A2 TABLES ................................................................................................................................................... 52 A3 LIST OF PERSONS CONSULTED ..................................................................................................................... 53 iv CMI REPORT DONOR SUPPORT TO PARLIAMENTS – TANZANIA AND BEYOND R 2010:8 Preface On behalf of a group of development partners (DPs),