Environmental Assessment Report Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 30232 July 2008 NEP: Decentralized Rural Infrastructure and Livelihoods Project Prepared by [Author(s)] [Firm] [City, Country] Prepared by District Development Committee, Kalikot for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Prepared for [Executing Agency] [Implementing Agency] The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (NEPALI) ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vi 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Relevancy of the proposal 1 1.3 Name and address of the proponent 2 1.4 Description of the proposal 2 1.5 Salient features of the proposal 6 1.6 Construction approach 7 1.7 Purpose and objectives of IEE 7 1.8 Methodology adopted 7 2.0 REVIEW OF RELEVANT ACTS, REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES 11 3.0 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 15 3.1 Physical environment 15 3.2 Biological environment 21 3.3 Socio-economic and cultural environment 24 4.0 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 29 4.1 No project alternative 29 4.2 Project alternatives 29 4.3 Alternative Route 30 4.4 Alternative design and construction approach 30 4.5 Alternative Construction schedule 31 4.6 Alternative resources 31 5.0 IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS 32 5.1 Physical 32 5.2 Biological 34 5.3 Socio-economic and cultural 38 5.4 Matrix for Environmental Impacts 43 6.0 MITIGATION MEASURES 45 6.1 Mitigation Measures during pre-construction phase 45 6.2 Benefit Augmentation Measures 45 6.3 Adverse Impacts Mitigation Measures 47 7.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 54 7.1 Institution and their roles 54 7.2 Reporting and Documentation 55 7.3 Environment Management Plan 56 7.4 Mitigation Cost 59 7.5 Implementation of Mitigation Measures 60 7.6 Environmental Monitoring 61 7.6.1 Monitoring responsibility 61 7.6.2 Types of Monitoring and Monitoring Parameters 62 8.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 66 9.0 MISCELLANEOUS 68 TABLES TABLE 3.1 TOPOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND SOIL TYPE ALONG THE ROAD ALIGNMENT 16 TABLE 3.2 LAND USE PATTERN ALONG THE KHULALU-BHATADI ROAD ALIGNMENT 18 TABLE 3.3 SUMMARY OF LAND USE PATTERN ALONG THE KHULALU-BHATADI ROAD 19 TABLE 3.4 DETAILS OF WATER BODIES ALONG THE ROAD ALIGNMENT 19 TABLE 3.5 DETAILS OF LANDSLIDES ALONG THE ROAD ALIGNMENT 20 TABLE 3.6 SUMMARY OF EXISTING BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 21 TABLE 3.7 PLANT SPECIES WITH ETHNO-BOTANICAL USE IN PROJECT AREA 22 TABLE 3.8 MAJOR PROTECTED FLORA/FAUNA FOUND IN THE STUDY AREA 23 TABLE 3.9 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION WITH HOUSEHOLD WITHIN ZOI IN THE VDC 24 TABLE 3.10 DISTRIBUTION OF MAJOR SETTLEMENTS, CASTE/ETHNICITY AND OCCUPATION WITHIN ZOI 25 TABLE 3.11 DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD CONSUMPTION WITHIN ZOI IN THE PROJECT AREA 26 TABLE 3.12 NUMBER OF SCHOOLS AND ITS LEVELS IN THE PROJECT AREA 27 TABLE 5.1 LOSS OF FOREST IN COMMUNITY FOREST IN ZOI OF PROJECT AREA 35 TABLE 5.2 LOSS OF TREE SPECIES ALONG THE ROAD ALIGNMENT 35 TABLE 5.3 LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND 41 TABLE 5.4 DETAILS OF AFFECTED COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURES 41 TABLE 5.5 LIKELY BENEFICIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 43 TABLE 5.6 LIKELY ADVERSE IMPACTS 43 TABLE 6.1 DETAILS OF GEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 48 TABLE 6.2 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR AFFECTED COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURES 52 TABLE 7.1 FRAMEWORK OF IMPLEMENTATION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 56 TABLE 7.2 COST ESTIMATE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 60 TABLE 7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING COST 62 TABLE 7.4 FRAMEWORK FOR MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 63 FIGURES FIGURE1.1 MAP OF NEPAL SHOWING ROAD LOCATION IN THE DISTRICT 4 FIGURE 1.2 MAP OF KALIKOT DISTRICT SHOWING KHULALU-BHATADI ROAD SUB- PROJECT 4 FIGURE 1.3 MAP SHOWING ALIGNMENT OF KHULALU-BHATADI ROAD SUB-PROJECT 5 FIGURE 7.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE 56 ANNEXES Annex I Terms of Reference for IEE study Annex II Abstract of cost Annex III Public notice Annex IV Deed of enquiry (muchulka) and deed of enquiry obtained Annex V Recommendation letters from Municipality and VDCs Annex VI Questionnaire Survey and Checklist Annex VII List of persons contacted Annex VIII Photographs ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank AP Affected Persons Amsl Above mean sea level Asl Above sea level BG Building Group Ch Chainage CBO Community Based Organization CEA Country Environmental Analysis CF Community Forest CFUG Community Forest Users Group CISC Central Implementation Support Consultants CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna DADO District Agriculture Development Office DSCO District Soil Conservation Office DDC District Development Committee DFO District Forest Office/Officer DG Director General DISC District Implementation Support Consultants DIT District Implementation Team DoLIDAR Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads DPO District Project Office DRCC District Road Coordination Committee D/S Disposal Site DTO District Technical Office DRILP Decentralized Rural Infrastructure and Livelihood Project DTMP District Transport Master Plan EA Environmental Assessment EAS Environmental Assessment Specialist EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental Management Section EPA Environment Protection Act EPR Environment Protection Rules ES Environmental Specialist ESD Environment Screening Document FGD Focus Group Discussion GoN Government of Nepal GIS Geographical Information System Ha Hectare HF Highly Fractured Hh Household HW Highly Weathered IEE Initial Environmental Examination Km Kilometer Khulalu – Bhatadi Road,Kalikot i Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) LDO Local Development Officer LEP Labour based, environment friendly and participatory LRMP Land Resource Management Project M meter MAP Medicinal and Aromatic Plants MoPE Ministry of Population and Environment MOFSC Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation MoEST Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology Ml Milliliter MLD Ministry of Local Development MW Medium Weathered NE-SE-NW-NE North East-South East-North West-North East NGO Non-Governmental Organization NRs Nepali Rupees NTFPs Non timber forest products OP Operational Plan PAM Project Administrative Memorandum PCU Project Coordination Unit RES Rapid Environmental Screening RIDP Rural Infrastructure Development Project RS Resettlement Survey SA Social Appraisal SDC Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SM Social Mobilizer SMC Social Mobilization Coordinator TA Technical Assistance ToR Terms of Reference TWS Technical Walkover Survey VDC Village Development Committee VWRCC Village Works and Road Construction Committee ZoI Zone of Influence Khulalu – Bhatadi Road,Kalikot ii Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) v'nfn'–eft8L ;8s pk–cfof]hgfsf] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z k[i7el"dM ljs]Gb|Lt u|fdL0f k"jf{wf/ tyf hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/ sfo{s|d PlzofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] C0f ;xof]u, :jL; ljsf; ;xof]u lgof]usf] k|ljlws ;xof]u tyf g]kfn ;/sf/, ;xefuL lhNnfx? / nfeu|fxL ;d]tsf] nufgLdf z'? ePsf] xf] . of] sfo{s|dsf] nIo åGb af6 k|efjLt !* lk5fl8Psf lxdfnL tyf kxf8L lhNnfsf] u|fdL0f If]qsf] u/LaL Go"lgs/0f ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . u|fdL0f oftfoft tyf k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] dfWod af6 u|fdL0f If]qsf ljkGg hgtfsf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s If]qx?sf] kx'“rdf clej[l4 u/L u/LaL 36fpg' o; sfo{s|dsf] p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{s|dn] u|fdL0f e]usf] oftfoft ;+u ;DjlGwt pkcfof]hgfx? h:t} lhNnf tyf u|fdL0f ;8s, uf]/]6f] 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