the art of equity F EATURE APPLE’S OLD MASTER MAKES BUSINESS AN ART FORM Apple’s brand has perfection as its core value, and the tyrant-visionary who put it there has become as iconic as his products. Welcome to the bewildering world of Steve Jobs. 4 www.firedog-design.co.uk the art of equity APPLE’S OLD MASTER MAKES BUSINESS AN ART FORM Do you believe in the equity of creativity? +44 (0) 20 7739 1112 5 the art of equity He always wears the same clothes, stalks his own executives, and his terrified employees part like the Red Sea when they see him coming – yet his company churns out one zeitgeist-capturing product after another, and has become the world’s biggest and most important tech company. This is the world of Steven Paul Jobs, Apple co-founder and current CEO. Planet Jobs has an atmosphere somewhere between sulphuric acid and methane, and those who survive do so only if Jobs decides to dole out gas masks. Back on Planet Earth – on April 1, 1976, to be A Buddhist tenet is that the human condition precise – Steve Jobs co-founded Apple with his is one of suffering, because it is in our nature He parks his Mercedes in pal, electronics genius Steve Wozniak, with the to crave – yet no one in this world, or the next, handicapped spaces on the modest aim of changing the world. That’s the craves perfection more than Jobs; he allows thing about Apple: it is not a company, but a nothing, nor nobody, to stand between him Apple campus, reduces vision. Not long after its inception, this vision and what he views as technological nirvana. subordinates to tears and had spawned the world’s first microcomputer, A sainted cultural and business icon he may be, summarily fires employees. the Apple II, followed by the Macintosh, the but a serene Buddhist boss he certainly isn't. first all-in-one computer. Moody and with a white-hot temper, tales of Jobs’ inspirations around this time Jobs' personal abuses are legendary. He parks included mysticism. In 1974, he travelled to his Mercedes in handicapped spaces on the India in search of spiritual enlightenment, Apple campus, reduces subordinates to tears and came back a card-carrying Buddhist, his and summarily fires employees. shaven head atop billowing Indian clothing. Author Robert Sutton was compelled He remains a practising Buddhist to this day, to include Jobs in his bestselling 2007 book and has said that people who do not share his ‘The No Asshole Rule’, because “as soon as countercultural roots can never fully relate to people heard I was writing a book on assholes, his thinking. they’d start telling a Steve Jobs story”. Examples Yet Jobs is a tangle of contradictions and include a temper tantrum about the colour hardly invites empathy. Take his spirituality. of the bolts inside a computer – because he 6 www.firedog-design.co.uk the art of equity AUTHOR ROBERT SUTTON Was COMPELLED TO INCLUDE JOBS IN HIS BEST SELLING 2007 BOOK ‘THE NO AssHOLE RULE’, BECAUSE “as SOON as PEOPLE HEARD I Was WRITING A BOOK ON assHOLES, THEY’D START TELLING A STEVE JOBS STORY”. wanted the technicians and geeks who opened committed vegetarian – in fact, if vegetarianism Apple executive Jean-Louis Gassée observes, it up to be impressed with its inner beauty. had a paramilitary wing, he would be its “Democracies don't make great products. You Another anecdote has him firing an Apple Store balaclava-clad leader. At Jobs’ insistence, and need a competent tyrant.” And if tyranny is a employee because he didn't like the quality of to widespread dismay, the Apple canteen bill by-product of perfection as a brand value, then the bags she’d ordered. of fare almost overnight became a tofu-fest. Apple’s shareholders don’t care a jot. Research Further eyebrow-raising tales are Then there is Jobs’ unchanging attire firm Millward Brown Optimor (MBO) ranked recounted in Alan Deutschman’s ‘The Second – a visible manifestation of control colliding Apple third in its 2010 Most Valuable Global Coming of Steve Jobs’. Two senior Apple with obsession. In his entire Apple career, Brands, behind Google and IBM, but ahead of executives told Deutschman how Jobs had Jobs has almost never been pictured wearing Microsoft. MBO also estimated that year-on stalked them, first with incessant calls to their anything other than a black turtleneck sweater, year, Apple’s brand value was up by 32% – the work, mobile and home phones, and then – faux-aged jeans and trainers. This reliance on biggest increase of any of the 100 leading brands. when they eventually gave up answering – with uniformity, on consistency and predictability Apple’s brand is defined by Jobs’ quest unsolicited evening visits to their homes. “I of appearance, is redolent of Brett Easton for perfection – of design and experience. tried not answering the door,” reveals former Ellis’ novel American Psycho, whose mass- Ah, ‘experience’. This bit’s intriguing, because Apple director Bill Campbell, “but he used to murdering banker anti-hero, Patrick Bateman, where non-Apple consumers ‘use’ products, drive the dog so crazy I just had to.” chooses his designer outfits with a similar Apple customers ‘experience’ theirs. Part of But Jobs’ unquenchable thirst for pathological precision. It also suggests that Jobs this experience is defined by what Apple will control goes even further than stalking Apple sees himself as the uniformed leader – OK, let’s and won’t let its customers do. It means iPhone top brass, for he tries to manipulate the lives of make that ‘dictator’ – of 34,300 foot soldiers. users have to ‘jailbreak’ their devices to install his entire payroll. Jobs is a life-long, maniacally Yet, as venture capitalist and former Do you believe in the equity of creativity? +44 (0) 20 7739 1112 7 the art of equity In Jobs’ mind, the Apple brand has always been about design perfection – whether it’s software or hardware. As far back as 1982, he was actively encouraging his designers to think of themselves as artists. third-party extensions and themes. iPad users of Apple’s earliest employees. “It lost its soul. are similarly restricted, because Jobs has locked Perfection as a brand value He has this reality distortion field. In his out Adobe’s ubiquitous multimedia platform, requires ultimate control, presence, reality is malleable. He can convince Flash, from the iPad operating system, opting anyone of practically anything, but it wears instead for a proprietary solution. Power and which in turn requires the off when he's not around.” Without Jobs’ control are Jobs’ closest allies. ultimate control freak. wild-eyed quest for perfection, Apple drifted So what would happen were Apple ever toward mediocrity, becoming a producer of to lose its dictator-cum-messiah? Would the beige boxes that, while popular with creatives, brand suffer? Actually, the world already knows enthused few others. Over time, and under a the answer to this, because Jobs and Apple have it. Implored by Sculley to concentrate on the succession of CEOs, the Apple brand became already parted company once before. In a 1985 company’s profitable Apple II line, Jobs refused, almost homoeopathically diluted. The low boardroom coup, Jobs was forced out of his own and the board sided with Sculley. Jobs was out. point came with the ‘Mac clones’ strategy of the firm by CEO John Sculley, whom Jobs himself “There was relief, as everyone had mid-1990s, under which the company licensed had prised from Pepsi (with the words: “D’you been terrorized by Jobs at some point,” recalls its Mac OS operating system to third-party wanna sell sugared water for the rest of your life, Larry Tesler, a computer scientist at Apple for hardware vendors, who preceded to undercut or d’you wanna change the world?”) Jobs’ big 17 years. “But we were worried what would Apple’s own products, driving the company mistake was to forget Apple had shareholders. happen to the company without its visionary towards extinction. Sales of the first Macintosh computer in 1984 and founder, and without his charisma.” And what of Jobs during this decade were catastrophically poor; while aesthetically “Apple never recovered from losing away from Apple? He kept pretty quiet really, wonderful, it was also underpowered, and Steve,” confirms Andy Hertzfeld, a key member merely founding the Pixar animation studio no one had yet written any applications for of the Macintosh development team and one in 1986, which he sold to Disney in 2006 for 8 www.firedog-design.co.uk the art of equity computers to scientific and academic markets. It was to be his ticket back into Apple, after HE HAS THIS REALITY the company bought NeXT for $429 million in 1996. At that time, ‘Apple’ and ‘beleaguered’ DISTORTION FIELD. IN HIS rarely failed to appear in the same sentence, but this was before Jobs began force-feeding PRESENCE, REALITY IS perfection back into the Apple brand. The company’s epic climb toward MALLEABLE. HE CAN supremacy began when Jobs recognised that, during his time away, a design genius CONVINCE ANYONE OF had joined the Apple ranks. London-born industrial designer Jonathan Ive was already PRACTICALLY ANYTHING, working on a computer that Jobs realized could change the world all over again. His BUT IT WEARS OFF WHEN creation was 1998’s iconic transparent blue iMac. Within months, every electronic product HE'S NOT AROUND. – from irons to vibrators – were being designed using translucent blue plastic. Apple was back, because Jobs was back.