Section IV: Cultural routes: the challenges of linear settings for monuments and sites Section IV: Gérer les routes culturelles dans leur diversité‐La conservation de sites linéaires diversifiés ONE CULTURAL ROUTE SPAN THE MILLENARY : CHINESE TEA ROAD Li Baihao / China Wuhan University of Technology School of Architecture Zhu Jianhua / China Hubei Administration of Cultural Heritage Huang Li / China Wuhan University of Technology School of Architecture Guo Jian / China Wuhan University of Technology School of Architecture are compile into chart in his book The Review of Tea Name. Introduction When and where did the tea dispread to the world? There is still not answer at present. It is not later than Tang Dynasty, In the process of Chinese ancient civilization, The Tea the following passageway from which tea culture spread Road is the most famous and important road as the cultural were: route that communicated extensively with other countries in the world, which still affects people’s life style and behavior To the east, the tea culture transported from sea road to yet. Japan and Korean Peninsula etc. In Japan, In 9th century, the monkey Zuicheng and Konghai studied in Guoqing Temple China is the earliest country which found and makes use of Tiantai Mountain, took the tea seeds back to Japan and of tea tree in the world, which is honored “the motherland of planted in Shiga County. It had upraised Hongrenrongfeng, tea”. According to the document record in the Shi Jing and the first peak of tea culture. In 12th century, a Japanese Er Ya, 3000 years ago, Chinese began to plant and drink tea monk named Rongxi took Moshichongchafa and tea seed which gets around in the world in Han Dynasty. The fashion from Wutai Mountain in Song Dynasty, and had formed the of planting and drinking tea is all originated from china and second peak of Japanese Sado. After that, Chinese tea and Chinese tea as well as the tea pot became the symbol of Japanese culture mixed together constantly, and formed the china. Although the British Major Mr. R. Bruce found the modern Japanese Sado eventually. wild tea trees in the north of India in 1824, the knowledge and use of tea was influenced by Chinese tea culture To the south, the famous Cha Ma Ancient Path went afterwards. Presently, there are about 50 countries planting through from Sichuan, Yunnan Province to Tibet, and tea trees which distribute over the wide regions between the extended to Bhutan, Nepal and Indian, arrived West Asia and north latitude 45°and south latitude 34°, and the rite of the beach of Red Sea in West Africa in the end. drinking tea spreads all over the world. To the west, the tea extended along the Silk Road along. There are two reasons for the spread of Chinese tea, the In Tang Dynasty numbers of Arab merchants purchase first one was its medical function to refresh the brain and Chinese tea and China to Persia through Xinjiang Province. health protection, and the second reason was the combination of tea and Buddhism to create the Sado which To the north, it was the great channel from Hubei had deeply affected countries around China. The Korea Province to Mongolia and Russia through Henan, Shanxi scholar Shi Longyun analyzed the appellations and and Hebei Province. This paper will discuss this way pronunciations in different countries and drew the emphatically. conclusion that all the tea in the world is originated from china. From the pronunciations, we can even judge the exact cradle in the north or south of china. If it is pronounced CHA, Thousand-year street for Tea Convey by it is definitely from the north china for example, CHAI in Jigongche Vehicle Russia, SHAI in Arab, CHAY in Turkey, CHA in Japanese Indian Portuguese Farsi. If it is pronounced TE, it is from the 1 The Chama Official, Datijuchamasi, Xunjiansi in south china such as Shantou and Xiamen for example, TEA the Entrance of Songfeng Mountain in English ,THEE in Germany and Dutch, THE in French, Hubei Province is located in the middle reaches of TE in Italian Spanish Denish Norwegian Hungarian Swedish Changjiang River, and there are many sloping fields as well Malay, THEA in Latin, TEO in Esperanto etc. All of these as mountains in this area. The soil is almost acid and sandy. Monuments and sites in their setting-Conserving cultural heritage in changing townscapes and landscapes Section IV: Cultural routes: the challenges of linear settings for monuments and sites Section IV: Gérer les routes culturelles dans leur diversité‐La conservation de sites linéaires diversifiés It’s mild all year round, much rain, which is adapted to the the law-breaker will be punished with excruciation. In order planting of tea. Shennongjia region in Hubei Province is one to control tea smuggle, the government began to establish of the first cradles of wild tea. According to Shennongbaicao: bureaus to check the trade of tea or salt and their licenses in Shennong tasted hundreds of herbages, while one day he 1440. And then the government established Tea Checkpoint caught 72 poisons and recovered from tea. In the Qin and in Jinkou in the middle reaches of Changjiang River, which Han Dynasty, the rite of planting and drinking tea in Hubei in charge of the tea trades in Yangloudong. In the Qing and Sichuan Province was prevailing, and people have Dynasty, people in Yangloudong and the surrounding discovered many thousand-year tea trees now. counties made a living on tea planting. The tea was gathered together to be processed in Yangloudong which is at the foot Yangloudong is located in the southeast of Hubei Province of the Furong Mountain. In the period of Emperor Kangxi in and is the only access to Hunan and Jiangxi Province. It’s Qing Dynasty, the Shanxi Merchants came to Yangloudong near Linxiang, Chibi, Chongyang, Tongcheng, Xiushui five to dealing in tea, along with the tea house being set up. In counties and the distributing center of goods, which are the 1863, the Russian merchants came to Wuhan to deal in tea. first and important region for tea in Hubei Province as well In order to reduce the middle link of the trade, they went to as the main distributing center of tea in all ages. In the 4th Yangloudong and the surrounding places to set up tea house. century, there were some anecdotes about the tea. In the 7th Yangloudong became famous for tea in the world. century, the tea is combined with Buddhism and becomes the key parts of Buddhism culture. In order to study the 2 The Great Deal of Shanxi Merchants and Tea Buddhism, the tea is extensively planted in the fane, so Convey North people cultivate many excellent varieties. For example, the In the early time of Qing Dynasty, Shanxi Merchants YuquanXianrenzhang Tea which comes from Yuquan Temple. bought tea leafs, mainly through agency, in many provinces, in Dangyang, Hubei Province, In 733, the Saint of Tea such as Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi Province, etc. The tea was named Luyu, is adopted as an abandoned baby by Monk processed in the workshops and was sold to the Guanwai by Zhiji of Longgai Temple in Tianmen, Hubei Province. Under the way of Jiangxi and Henan Province. The tea from the influence of tea culture in temple, Luyu completed the surrounding counties was sold outside in the same methods. first tea composing the Cha Jing in the world about 27 years In 1853, because of the Taiping rebellion, the southern route later. In 780, because of the economic value of tea, Tang of tea trade was blocked. So Yangloudong began to stand out Dynasty began to impose on tea to aid the army. In 834, the by its superiority in transportation. Especially it’s the Dynasty set up the Quecha Institution, Empire Li’ang historical planting base of Boma Tea, where there was deputed the official for tea and horse, who was in charge of excellent tea-leaf and abundant workers. It was very good the Dong Tea produced in Yangloudong. The tea yielded for integrative planting and trade. Shanxi Merchants grasp from southeast of Hubei depute spread to the whole state. the opportunity well. They made use of the capital leverage, According to the book Shanfujing, the tea is popular from forming a Tea Road across stretch for thousands of miles Qizhou and Ezhou. In Song Dynasty, the government still through great efforts. uses the Quecha Institution. In order to increase the number of horses at the frontier, the Dynasty found the station in Firstly, Shanxi Merchants directed the local tea planters to northwest to exchange the tea and horse and set up six improve the tea quality. They took many advanced methods, exchange stations in civil state. The three of six in Hubei such as bunch planting, transplant, layer planting, to expand Province, Yangloudong is the important goods supply of tea the growing area. In order to adapt to the market need, they and horse exchange in northwest trade. Yuan Dynasty, an guide the tea planters to learn to grade tea and to improve empire across the Eurasia make the fashion of drinking tea the techniques of processing tea to produce excellent green popular and the further demand of tea. In 1268, the tea sold tea and black tea. These tea products were mostly sold in in Tea Regie around the capital. And 16 officials for the bulk, which would be bought and packaged by Shanxi government Quecha Institution were set up, who is Merchants. For the sake of improving the economic responsible for managing the buy and selling of the tea.