Guidance on Integrated Urban Hydrometeorological, Climate and Environment Services Volume II: Demonstration Cities 2021 edition WEATHER CLIMATE WATER CLIMATE WEATHER WMO-No. 1234 Guidance on Integrated Urban Hydrometeorological, Climate and Environment Services Volume II: Demonstration Cities 2021 edition WMO-No. 1234 EDITORIAL NOTE METEOTERM, the WMO terminology database, may be consulted at https://public.wmo.int/en/ meteoterm. Readers who copy hyperlinks by selecting them in the text should be aware that additional spaces may appear immediately following http://, https://, ftp://, mailto:, and after slashes (/), dashes (-), periods (.) and unbroken sequences of characters (letters and numbers). These spaces should be removed from the pasted URL. The correct URL is displayed when hovering over the link or when clicking on the link and then copying it from the browser. WMO-No. 1234 © World Meteorological Organization, 2021 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chair, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03 P.O. Box 2300 Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 17 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Email: [email protected] ISBN 978-92-63-11234-7 NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised. PUBLICATION REVISION TRACK RECORD Part/ Date chapter/ Purpose of amendment Proposed by Approved by section CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . viii 1 . INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Issues encountered in cities ............................................ 1 1.2 WMO engagement in the urban agenda ................................ 2 1.3 Scope and purpose of this Guidance .................................... 6 1.4 Development process of this Guidance .................................. 7 2 . OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF THE MEMBER SURVEY . 8 2.1 Introduction ........................................................ 8 2.2 Geophysical characteristics and hazards in urban areas .................... 8 2.3 Services and level of development. 12 2.4 Service provision. 12 2.5 Use of impact-based forecasting for urban areas .......................... 12 2.6 Users of the services and user engagement .............................. 13 2.7 Partnerships and capacity-building ..................................... 15 2.8 General outcomes of the survey ........................................ 15 3 . INTEGRATED URBAN SERVICES: DEMONSTRATION CITY SUMMARIES . 16 3.1 Introduction ........................................................ 16 3.2 Demonstration city summary information ............................... 17 3.3 Comparison of demonstration city summaries with the Member survey ...... 18 4 . OVERVIEW OF INTEGRATED URBAN SERVICES . 20 4.1 Introduction ........................................................ 20 4.2 Integrated Urban Services classification framework ....................... 20 4.2.1 Cross-service integration. 21 4.2.2 Cross-sector integration ..................................... 22 4.3 Assessing levels of integration ......................................... 25 4.4 Evaluating Integrated Urban Services in demonstration cities. 28 4.4.1 Cross-service analysis. 28 4.4.2 Cross-sector analysis ........................................ 28 4.5 Overview of Integrated Urban Services in demonstration cities ............. 30 5 . EXAMPLES OF DEMONSTRATION CITY GOOD PRACTICES . 35 5.1 Do not wait for disaster ............................................... 35 5.1.1 Pollution forecasts and emission restrictions in Santiago .......... 36 5.1.2 Integrated severe weather, air quality and health warning systems in Toronto and Stuttgart .............................. 36 5.1.3 Integrated city services for disaster prevention in New York City .... 36 5.1.4 Integrated services for public health, water and energy with infrastructure design for disaster risk reduction in Hong Kong, China ............................................... 37 5.1.5 Beat the heat!! Ahmedabad, India – a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization heritage city ..... 38 5.1.6 Leadership by WMO Members ............................... 39 5.2 Governance of Integrated Urban Services ................................ 39 5.2.1 State-wide regulations helping cities. 39 5.2.2 Regulations at different levels – from State to local ............... 40 5.2.3 Regulations for a city in a state. 40 5.2.4 Regulations for a city state ................................... 41 5.3 Involve multiple stakeholders .......................................... 41 5.4 How research helps .................................................. 42 5.4.1 National programmes. 42 5.4.2 City programmes for urban services ........................... 42 vi GUIDANCE ON INTEGRATED URBAN HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL, CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENT SERVICES – VOLUME II: DEMONSTRATION CITIES Page 5.5 Open access data policy .............................................. 43 5.5.1 City-wide measurements .................................... 43 5.5.2 City-wide data ............................................. 44 5.6 Showcasing Integrated Urban Services .................................. 45 5.6.1 Example of Stuttgart ........................................ 46 5.6.2 Example of Toronto . 46 6 . BRIDGING THE GAPS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF WARNING SYSTEMS . 46 6.1 Gaps ............................................................... 46 6.1.1 Decision-making ........................................... 46 6.1.2 Communicating information to decision makers (including the public) ................................................ 48 6.1.3 Producing information on expected socioeconomic impacts related to hazards ........................................... 49 6.1.4 Producing information on weather-related hazards .............. 49 6.1.5 Optimizing and evaluating the production and delivery chain ..... 50 6.2 Ways forward ....................................................... 51 7 . RECOMMENDATIONS . 51 7.1 Recommendations arising from demonstration city analysis ................ 51 7.2 Targeted guidance and recommendations for stakeholders ................. 52 7.2.1 Recommendations for WMO Members ........................ 52 7.2.2 Recommendations for city authorities .......................... 52 ANNEX 1 . SURVEYS . 54 ANNEX 2 . DEMONSTRATION CITY SUMMARIES . 62 REFERENCES . 149 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 151 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Lead authors: Gerald Mills, Luisa Tan Molina, Heinke Schluenzen, James Voogt, Valéry Masson, Brian Golding, Chao Ren, Chandana Mitra, Shiguang Miao, Felix Vogel, Jens Hesselbjerg Christensen, Alexander Baklanov, Oksana Tarasova and Paul Joe. Editors: Sue Grimmond and Ranjeet Sokhi. Contributors: Jorge Amorim, Miriam Andrioli, Elena Akentyeva, Gufran Beig, Estelle de Coning, Bert Jan Davidse, Petra Fuchs, Lars Gidhagen, Pablo Hernandez, Anahit Hovsepyan, Liisa Jalkanen, Christer Johansson, David Johnston, Ari Karppinen, Dimitri Kiktev, Jhoon Kim, Peter Kreft, John Lebadie, Tsz-Cheung Lee, Sylvie Leroyer, Dev Niyogi, Chris Noble, Moon-Soo Park, Rayk Rinke, Matthias Roth, Magnus Sannebro, Ezekiel Sebago, Rachid Sebarri, Joy Shumake-Gillemot, A. [Sena] Sopaheluwakan, Megha Srestha, Jianguo Tan, Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis, Patrick Willems, Chui Wah Yap and Ester Yung. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Guidance for Integrated Urban Hydrometeorological, Climate and Environment Services, Volume I: Concept and Methodology outlined the need for Integrated Urban Hydrometeorological, Climate and Environmental Services (hereafter referred to as Integrated Urban Services) to support management and planning in cities. This Guidance for Integrated Urban Hydrometeorological, Climate and Environment Services, Volume II: Demonstration Cities presents an overview of the demand for Integrated Urban Services in WMO Members and provides examples of current Integrated Urban Services designed to meet a range of urban environmental challenges in a variety of administrative settings. For this volume, a survey was conducted among WMO Members in 2018 to judge the level of service provision in each area, the extent to which users and providers collaborate and the status of urban services currently provided. The common hazards that require Integrated Urban Services are identified as heavy rainfall, flooding, windstorms, tropical storms, heatwaves, thunderstorms and air pollution. Meteorological services to support the needs of integrated services were reported to be more mature than the services related to hydrology and air quality. Although the responses largely reflect the perspective of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs), they indicate a certain level of availability of the specific urban services and reflect a demand for more integrated approach to provision of the urban services. This Guidance also uses