___________________________________________________________________________ 2018/EWG/WKSP1/012 The Electric Vehicle and Charging Infrastructure Development in China Submitted by: PetroChina Planning and Engineering Institute APEC Electromobility Workshop Santiago, Chile 1-2 February 2018 The EV and Charging Infrastructure Development in China Workshop on Electromobility: Infrastructure and Workforce Development 1 & 2 February 2018 Santiago, Chile Yue Xiaowen PetroChina Planning and Engineering Institute 1 Content EV development Charging infrastructure development Case study Conclusion 2 EV development 2016－2020 2011－2015 2001 2009 China has The EV demonstration launched the city plan has been It was the initial major research EV application will implemented. stage of projects on EV. be scaled up and industrialization EVs will strive to of EVs. have the market competitiveness for BEV: Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) commercialized EV here promotion. PHEV: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle ( PHEV) 3 EV development • Since 2015 China has become the largest EV sales in China (thousands) 800 electric car market in the world. PHEV BEV • In 2017, the EV sales in China achieved 600 nearly 800 thousand with a 2.7% market 400 share. The EV stock reached 1.7 million, accounting for 0.8% of total motor vehicles 200 in circulation in China. 0 EV market share in China (%) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 3.0 EV stock in China (thousands) 1800 2.5 PHEV 1500 2.0 BEV 1200 1.5 900 1.0 600 0.5 300 0.0 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 http://www.caam.org.cn/ 4 EV development Top 10 models in China as of November 2017 (thousands) BAIC EC-Series Zhidou D2 EV BYD Song PHEV JAC iEV6S/E BYD e5 53% market share Geely Emgrand EV Chery eQ SAIC Roewe eRX5 PHEV BYD Qin PHEV Zotye E200 https://evobsession.com/ 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 5 EV development • It has been basically formed a complete industrial chain, including raw material supply, power battery production, vehicle control unit design, etc. • By the end of 2017, there were 224 automobile manufacturers and 3233 EV models in China, included in the “Catalogue of Recommended Vehicle Models for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles” and supported with the government subsidies. Parameters/models BAIC E150EV Nissan Leaf BMW i3 BYD Qin Chevy Volt Type EV PHEV 100km acceleration (s) 6 (0-50) 9.4 7.2 5.9 8.8 Maximum speed (km/h) 120 145 160 185 160 Mileage range (km) 150 160 160 70 (Pure electricity 80 (Pure electricity condition) condition) Curb weight (kg) 1370 1440 1195 1720 1700 Battery capacity (kWh) 25.6 24 22 13 16 Battery pack weight (kg) 280 300 230 160 197 Quality assurance mileage of 150/6 years 160/8 years 100/8 years lifetime warranty 160/8 years battery ( thousand km) Quality guarantee period of the 100/5years 100/5 years 100/3 years 150/6 years 100/3 years whole vehicle ( thousand km) 6 EV development Support for innovative Government R&D plan and fund support. technologies • Distinct targets in the government programs. • Charging facilities pre-installation is required for Targets, mandates and new buildings. regulations • Expanding EV demonstration provinces and cities. Policy • Free of license plate availability restrictions. support Central and local government subsidies. Financial incentives Acquisition tax, vehicle and vessel tax exemption. Public procurement 30%~50%of public procurement should be EV. More than 200 standards for EV and charging piles Standardization have been published. 7 EV development 2009 2010 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017-2018 2019-2020 CNY4000- 60,000 From 2017 local purchase on fuel economy CNY3000/kWh- basis 60,000CNY subsidies will not exceed 50% CNY35,000- of the central subsidies. 60,000 Mileage range 5% decrease on 2013 basis 10% decrease on 2013 basis CNY25,000- 55,000 Mileage range 20% decrease on 2016 basis 40% decrease on Central purchase subsidies for electric passenger 2016 basis vehicles have been cut down year by year. 8 EV development Government objectives 2025 • EVs will account for more than 20% of the total automobile 2020 production and sales volume. • The battery pack specific energy • More than 2 million EV production will increase to 350 Wh/kg. and sales will be achieved, and the EV stock will be over 5 million. The EV stock share in 2020 4% 6% • The battery specific energy will 4% reach 300 Wh/kg (2015: 200 Wh/kg), and the battery pack specific energy will be 260 Wh/kg. 86% Bus Taxi Sanitation and logistics vehicle Passenger car 9 Charging infrastructure development • When the local demonstration volume of • The publicly accessible charger stock EV reaches a certain amount, the central experienced a rapid growth government will offer the local authorities especially in the last three years with subsidies for developing charging facilities. an average annual growth rate of 108%. Publicly accessible charger growth in China (thousands) 250 200 150 100 50 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 http://www.evcipa.org.cn/ 10 Charging infrastructure development • By the end of 2017, China had 214 thousand publicly accessible chargers and 232 thousand private chargers. • Among the EV stock electric passenger cars account for about 800 thousand units and the ratio of electric passenger cars to charging piles is 1.8:1. Publicly accessible charger stock in China 27.0% 30.9% 40.4% 73.0% 28.7% fast charger slow charger AC DC AC/DC http://www.evcipa.org.cn/ 11 Charging infrastructure development Power grid companies: 31% Charger operator OEMs: 5% Others: 64% The urgent problems that need to be solved are the interconnection and interoperability of the charging facilities. Charging interface: charging compatibility. Interconnection and Payment methods: compatibility of bank card payment, electric card interoperability of the payment and mobile payment. charging facilities Information: construction, operation and location information sharing of charging facilities. 12 Charging infrastructure development • At present, the business model or the profit model of the charger operators is not very clear, the operators haven’t make a profit, meanwhile, they’re seeking the market share. • Big data may bring potential benefits: advertisement, insurance, car sales and rental, vehicle maintenance, etc. • The top 3 charger operators have set up their big data platform. 13 Charging infrastructure development China aims to deploy, by 2020, 12 The thousand charging-swapping government stations, 4.3 million private ambitions charging piles, 0.5 million public chargers for the 5 million EV stock. 2020 Battery charging-swapping stations (unit) Battery charging piles (thousands) 4500 5000 4000 4500 3500 4000 3000 3500 2500 3000 2000 2500 1500 2000 1000 1500 500 1000 0 500 For bus For taxi For sanitation Publicly Intercity and logistics accessible quick-charger 0 vehicle charger Publicly accessible charger Private charger 14 Charging infrastructure development 2020 West china Middle China East china Promoting area: Demonstrating area: Accelerating area: 400 charging stations 4300 charging stations 7400 charging stations 100 thousand charging piles 2.2 million charging piles 2.5 million charging piles 15 Case study-Beijing EV growth in Beijing (thousands) Besides the central purchase 80 70 subsidies for EV, municipality 60 additionally offers the same (2016) 50 and the half (2017) of the central 40 30 incentive amount. 20 EVs are free of vehicle license plate 10 0 availability and driving restrictions. 2014 2015 2016 New EV registrations in 2016 60000 In 2016 70% • 73 thousand new EV registrations 50000 with a 16% market share. 40000 • 110 thousand EV stock with a 2% 30000 share of the total motor vehicles in 20000 circulation. 10000 0 Private EV for Logistics Tour bus City bus Taxi Sanitation car rent vehicle truck http://www.gev.org.cn/ 16 Case study-Beijing Pickup location EV for rent – ride sharing • People may use smartphone APP to rent an EV for several hours or a whole day. • In 2016 the Beijing authority attempted to implement an EV rental service plan for government official Return location business purpose. • It’s still not very popular and is in the initial stage of development. 17 Case study-Beijing Municipal subsidy provides 30% of By the end of 2016 total investment of public charging • 22 thousand public electric facilities installation. chargers with a 16% share in China, ranking first. Setting up a public service platform of • 46 thousand private charging piles. charging facilities • 2440 charging-swapping stations. Pre-installation in new or renovated 5 13% buildings,100%-residential buildings, 25%-office buildings, 20%- commercial buildings,15%-public buildings. 87% 2435 Encouraging individuals and Slow charger Fast charger Charging station Swapping station institutions to install charging piles. http://www.gev.org.cn/ 18 Case study-Beijing Public open service platform 45 operators 9824 DC • It’s formed in September 2015 under the support of Beijing 74% authority. Public service platform • Free registration and 1754 stations 6428AC interoperability of payment methods. 72% 19 Case study-Beijing Working status and mode Charging facilities location Charging process and mobile Satisfaction evaluation payment 20 Case study-Beijing 21 Case study-Beijing EV stock: 600 thousand Dedicated parking lots: vehicles about 10 thousand new chargers for city Privately: one car + buses, tour buses, and one charger Development vision taxis. in 2020 Publicly: a charging Public-private net with an average partnerships: service radius of accelerating the less than 5km charging infrastructure development In city central area and Smart service: Winter Olympics area: promoting the charging service radius interconnection and less than 0.9km interoperability of the charging facilities 22 Conclusion Great progress has been made in the EV and charging infrastructure deployment in China, entering from the cultivation stage to the growth stage.