KÄLLSTRÖM LINDBERG ( LINDBERG eds and Young Urban Swedish ) Variation and change in multilingual settings GÖTEBORGSSTUDIER I NORDISK SPRÅKVETENSKAP 14 Series editors: Elisabet Engdahl, Roger Källström, Benjamin Lyngfelt, Lena Rogström, Barbro Wallgren Hemlin Swedish Urban Young his volume brings together results from the project “Language and language Tuse among young people in multilingual urban settings” (the SUF project). For the first time, articles by researchers in the project are published together and in English for an international audience. Many articles contain analyses of various linguistic features of Swedish in the spoken and written data collected from the in total 222 young people participating in the project in the cities of Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö. These analyses concern developments in the phonology, syntax and pragmatics in Swedish youth language that have not been described earlier. Other articles use data from the SUF project to explore alternative research approaches and methodologies or to discuss well-established concepts and distinctions within the field of language variation from a critical perspective. Furthermore, some articles deal with multiethnic youth language data from other contexts or with multilingualism on a socio-political level. Taken together, the twelve articles in this volume cover a wide range of aspects of language and language use in multiethnic areas in Sweden, highly relevant for fellow researchers and students at different levels of the educational system in Sweden as well as internationally. Co-workers in the SUF project gathered outside the Faculty of Humanities, University of Gothenburg (Ulrika Magnusson, Julia Prentice and Emma Sköldberg are missing from the picture). Edited by ISBN 978-91-87850-42-4 ROGER KÄLLSTRÖM and INGER LINDBERG GÖTEBORGSSTUDIER I NORDISK SPRÅKVETENSKAP Series editors: Elisabet Engdahl, Roger Källström, Benjamin Lyngfelt, Lena Rogström, Barbro Wallgren Hemlin 1. Magnus Fernberg: Kåseristil. 2004. 2. Tore Otterup: ”Jag känner mej begåvad bara”. Om flerspråkighet och identitetskonstruktion bland ungdomar i ett multietniskt förortsområde. 2005. 3. Per Fröjd: Att läsa och förstå svenska. Läsförmågan hos elever i årskurs 9 i Borås 2000–2002. 2005. 4. Jenny Nilsson: Adverb i interaktion. 2005. 5. Susanna Karlsson: Positioneringsfraser i interaktion. Syntax, prosodi och funktion. 2006. 6. Thorwald Lorentzon: Mellan frihet och jämlikhet. Jämförande studier av lexikala förändringar i moderaternas och vänsterpartiets valmanifest 1948–2002. 2006. 7. Maia Andréasson: Satsadverbial, ledföljd och informationsdynamik i svenskan. 2007. 8. Sofia Tingsell: Reflexivt och personligt pronomen. Anaforisk syftning hos ungdomar i flerspråkiga storstadsmiljöer. 2007. 9. Claes Ohlsson: Folkets fonder? En textvetenskaplig studie av det svenska pensionssparandets domesticering. 2007. 10. Peter Andersson: Modalitet och förändring. En studie av må och kunna i fornsvenska. 2007. 11. Gudrun Rawoens: Kausativa verbkonstruktioner i svenskan och nederländskan. En korpusbaserad syntaktisk-semantisk undersökning. 2008. 12. Sven Lövfors: Historiska angivelser i allmänna ordböcker med särskild hänsyn till Svensk ordbok utgiven av Svenska Akademien. 2010. 13. Julia Prentice: På rak sak. Om ordförbindelser och konventionaliserade uttryck bland unga språkbrukare i flerspråkiga miljöer. 2010. 14. Roger Källström and Inger Lindberg (eds): Young Urban Swedish. Variation and change in multilingual settings. 2011. Göteborgsstudier i nordisk språkvetenskap 14 Young Urban Swedish Variation and change in multilingual settings (Sammanfattningar på svenska) Edited by Roger Källström and Inger Lindberg GNS14.indb i 2011-02-23 20:58:56 ”Specific to urban youth, I believe there is an ever evolving element of culture. This change has a rough edge and self expression is integral to it. Language lives inside this interface, and the youth of every generation contributes a new understanding.” Sampson Wilcox © The authors Distribution: University of Gothenburg Department of Swedish language P.O. Box 200 405 30 Gothenburg Sweden Cover image: © Sampson Wilcox, www.sampsonwilcox.com ISSN: 1652-3105 ISBN: 978-91-87850-42-4 Typeset by: Janne Saaristo Printed by: Intellecta Infolog, Gothenburg 2011 GNS14.indb ii 2011-02-23 20:59:18 Contents Contributors ...............................................................................................i Preface .......................................................................................................iii Introduction ............................................................................................... v Ellen Bijvoet and Kari Fraurud Language variation and varieties in contemporary multilingual Stockholm: an exploratory pilot study of young people’s perceptions ......1 Petra Bodén Adolescents’ pronunciation in multilingual Malmö, Gothenburg and Stockholm ...................................................35 Lena Ekberg Extended uses of sån (‘such’) among adolescents in multilingual Malmö, Sweden ...........................................................49 Kari Fraurud and Sally Boyd The native–non-native speaker distinction and the diversity of linguistic profiles of young people in multilingual urban contexts in Sweden .......67 Natalia Ganuza Syntactic variation in the Swedish of adolescents in multilingual urban settings – a thesis summary ....................................89 GNS14.indb iii 2011-02-23 20:59:18 Sofie Johansson Kokkinakis and Ulrika Magnusson Computer based quantitative methods applied to first and second language student writing .......................................105 Roger Källström Multiethnic youth language in reviews of the novel Ett öga rött ...........125 Inger Lindberg Fostering multilingualism in Swedish schools – intentions and realities ........................................................149 Tore Otterup “It’s simply a gift” – multilingualism as an individual and societal resource .....................................................173 Julia Prentice and Emma Sköldberg Figurative word combinations in texts written by adolescents in multilingual school environments ................................195 Gudrun Svensson Discourse particles in Swedish youth talk in multilingual settings in Malmö ...............................................219 Sofia Tingsell Tracking language change. Anaphoric binding in multilingual urban settings in Sweden ............................................237 Sammanfattningar på svenska .................................................................251 GNS14.indb iv 2011-02-23 20:59:19 Contributors Ellen Bijvoet is Senior Lecturer in Bilingualism at Stockholm University. Her research focuses on bilingualism, minority languages, language attitudes, folk linguistics and young peoples’ language and language use in multilingual contexts. Petra Bodén is Researcher in Phonetics at Lund University. Her research focuses on the learning of sounds, foreign accent and on the phonetics and phonology of schoolchildren’s and adolescents’ spoken Swedish in multilingual urban settings. Sally Boyd is Professor of General Linguistics at the University of Gothenburg. Her research interests are sociolinguistics and multilingualism, including language contact, language transmission in multilingual contexts, attitudes to foreign accent in school contexts, language policy and the language of young people in multilingual urban settings. Lena Ekberg is Professor of Scandinavian Languages at Lund University. She is also head of the Language Council of Sweden. Her main research interests are semantics and grammar, and the interface between them, as well as second language use. Much of her work is conducted within a functional-cognitive framework. Kari Fraurud is Reader in Bilingualism at Stockholm University. Her research interests span over discourse reference, language typology, minority languages, folk linguistics and language attitudes with a focus on young people’s speech production and perception in multilingual contexts. Natalia Ganuza is Senior Lecturer at Mälardalen University. Her main research interests are youth language practices in multilingual settings, child bilingualism and second language acquisition. i GNS14.indb i 2011-02-23 20:59:19 Sofie Johansson Kokkinakis is Director of the Institute for Swedish as a Second Language at the University of Gothenburg. Her research concerns natural language processing, textual analysis of textbooks and student writing and the development of computer-based resources for language learning. Roger Källström is Reader in Swedish Language at the University of Gothenburg. His research interests include the morphology of contemporary Swedish, linguistic typology and literary representations of linguistic variation. Inger Lindberg is Professor of Bilingualism with special focus on second language learning at Stockholm University. Her research focuses on socio- political and socio-cultural aspects of second language learning and literacy development in multilingual school contexts. Ulrika Magnusson is a PhD student in Swedish as a Second Language at the University of Gothenburg. Her research interests include second language development, writing development and systemic-functional linguistics. Tore Otterup is Senior Lecturer in Swedish language at the University of Gothenburg. His field of interest is second language acquisition and development inside and outside school as well as multilingualism and identity formation among young people in multiethnic