DEPOSITIONAL SETTING, FACIES, AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF BOATWRIGHT SANDSTONES (SRINGER GROUP) IN PARTS OF CADDO, CANADIAN, AND BLAINE COUNTIES, OK By JEREMIAH CHRISMAN Bachelor of Science in Geology Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 2007 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May, 2009 DEPOSITIONAL SETTING, FACIES, AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF BOATWRIGHT SANDSTONES (SRINGER GROUP) IN PARTS OF CADDO, CANADIAN, AND BLAINE COUNTIES, OK Thesis Approved: Jim Puckette Thesis Adviser Anna Cruse Alex Simms A. Gordon Emslie Dean of the Graduate College ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to first thank my advisor Dr. James O. Puckette. He has been very supportive and understanding throughout my education. His meticulous corrections and thoughtful guidance helped mold this thesis. A “thank you” also goes to my committee members, Dr. Anna Cruse and Dr. Alex Simms, for their helpful suggestions. I would also like to recognize my colleagues at Unit Petroleum Co. whose support made this thesis possible. The data and resources provided by Unit were the backbone of this thesis. I am most grateful to John Feamster, Geologic Manager of the Central Division, for his helpful suggestions, support, and guidance necessary to complete this work. I am also thankful to Christina Roberts for her endless help in acquiring logs and Petra support, which was the program used for subsurface mapping. Finally, a “thank you” also is deserved by my colleagues Steve Vedros, Todd Conklin, and Cailean Carlberg for being great mentors and good friends as I strove to improve my skills as a geoscientist. A special “thank you” goes to my wife Brandie, for her love, encouragement, and never-ending support. My family has been my motivation to continue my education and persevere. Finally, my daughter Dakota has inspired me to keep a smile on my face each day, no matter what challenges or circumstances emerged. I am grateful to all who inspired me during my collegiate education. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................1 Objectives ................................................................................................................1 Study Area...............................................................................................................2 Methodology............................................................................................................2 Literature Review.....................................................................................................4 II. STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK..............................................................................7 Regional Tectonic Setting........................................................................................7 Local Structural Geology.........................................................................................9 III. STRATIGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK.....................................................................11 Introduction............................................................................................................11 Method for Determining Stratigraphic Position of Boatwright .............................13 Cross Section Network ..........................................................................................13 IV. DEPOSITIONAL FACIES....................................................................................16 Introduction............................................................................................................16 Lithology and Core Description.............................................................................16 Troy Smith No. 1 .............................................................................................19 Gamble Gas Unit No. 3....................................................................................19 Ellison Unit No. 1 ............................................................................................22 Electrofacies...........................................................................................................25 Distribution of Electrofacies............................................................................30 V. DEPOSITIONAL SETTING ..................................................................................36 Introduction............................................................................................................36 iv Chapter Page Fluvial Systems......................................................................................................37 Shelf Systems.........................................................................................................39 Model for Boatwright Deposition..........................................................................39 Modern and Ancient Analogs ................................................................................44 Discussion..............................................................................................................47 VI. PETROLEUM RESERVOIR PROPERTIES........................................................49 Introduction............................................................................................................49 Methods..................................................................................................................49 Detrital Constituents ..............................................................................................50 Quartz...............................................................................................................50 Siliceous Detrital Matrix..................................................................................50 Authigenic Constituents.........................................................................................50 Porosity ..................................................................................................................54 Production..............................................................................................................54 Trapping Mechanisms............................................................................................54 “Old Woman Channel” Characteristics and Production........................................58 VII. CONCLUSIONS..................................................................................................60 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................62 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................66 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Map showing location of study area ......................................................................3 2. Map showing tectonic features along with study area...........................................8 3. Structure contour map on top of the Britt Hot Shale ...........................................10 4. Chart showing stratigraphic nomenclature for study area ...................................12 5. Wireline log characterizing Springer interval......................................................14 6. Map showing location of cross sections ..............................................................15 7. Location of wells cored in the Boatwright interval .............................................18 8. Core description for Troy Smith No. 1 well ........................................................20 9. Photograph of Boatwright Sandstone from Troy Smith No.1 .............................21 10. Core description for Gamble Gas No. 3 well.....................................................23 11. Photograph of Boatwright Sandstone from Gamble Gas No. 3.........................24 12. Core description for Ellison Unit No. 1 well .....................................................26 13. Photograph of described core from Ellison Unit No.1 ......................................27 14. Diagram of common electrofacies.....................................................................28 15. Chart of identified electrofacies.........................................................................29 16. Distribution of electrofacies...............................................................................31 17. Well log representation of distributary channel facies ......................................33 18. Well log representation of valley fill sandstone facies ......................................34 vi 19. Well log representation of sheet sandstone facies .............................................35 20. Idealized model of a fluvial system ...................................................................38 21. Shoreline to shallow marine profile...................................................................40 22. Depositional model for Boatwright development..............................................43 23. Chart representing modern and ancient analogs ................................................46 24. Thin section photographs of Boatwright Sandstone in Troy Smith well...........51 25. Thin section photographs of Boatwright Sandstone in Gamble Gas well .........52 26. Sandstone classification diagram for Boatwright Sandstones ...........................53 27. Location of gas and oil fields.............................................................................55