Background & Demographics A Food Secure Montgomery What we know now and what we can do A 5-Year Strategic Plan 3 Montgomery County Food Security Plan 1 Background & Demographics & Background Contents Table of Contents Letter From the County Executive 1 Executive Summary 2 Introduction 8 Background and Demographics Food Security Environment in Montgomery County 10 Public Health and Food Insecurity 11 Background and Demographics: Background, Root Causes, Historical Trends, Current County Data 12 Root Causes of Food Insecurity 17 Food Assistance Programs and Services 24 County-Based Food Assistance Programs 27 Seniors Programs 30 Programs for Children 31 Food Literacy 35 Findings 38 Children 39 Seniors 46 Foreign Born Residents 57 People with Disabilities 68 Other Residents Below the Self-Suffciency Standard 73 Recommendations and Timelines 86 Creating this Plan 104 Glossary 109 Citations 116 Appendices 122 Montgomery County Food Security Plan Letter from the CountyDemographics Demographics & & ExecutiveBackground Background January 2017 Dear Friends: One of the many strengths of Montgomery County is the compassion of its residents. I have seen this frsthand in the good work our community performs to help those in need. We are a community that protects one another, works to create affordable housing and ensures people have the food they need. It is because of this that I have repeatedly said that we are one of the world’s most welcoming communities. Sometimes compassion needs a plan. For this reason I’m honored to present this Food Security Plan to the County Council and the community. This is not meant to be a plan that tells others what to do, but rather empowers them to do what needs to be done. In this case, we must address the food security needs of a changing county. Every one of our residents should have access to safe, suffcient, and nutritious food in a manner that treats them with respect and dignity. This does not occur without great effort. Those that struggle with hunger often live in plain sight. Whether it is the child who is too embarrassed to take food assistance home from school or the single parent working two jobs and just scraping by, reaching those in need is a complex challenge. In some cases the hungry are invisible. They are the immigrant who stays anonymous because of their documentation status or the senior living alone, in isolation. My hope is that this Plan helps us reach those people in a compassionate and intelligent manner. This Plan did not come together without signifcant community input. There is still more work to be done and this Plan will be refned over time, but I want to thank all of the nonprofts, businesses, and agency partners that invested signifcant time and effort to ensure we can get this Plan’s recommendations underway in 2017 to address these important issues. My staff and I are working diligently every day to make sure no County resident goes hungry, and we welcome your partnership and support in this effort. Ike Leggett, County Executive Montgomery County Food Security Plan 1 Background & Demographics Executive Summary Executive Summary Montgomery County’s vision of food security is a community in which all people at all times have access to safe, suffcient, nutritious food, with dignity. Food security encompasses several dimensions, among them are: • Availability in suffcient quantity of food of an appropriate nature and quality, • Access to acquire food needed for a nutritionally adequate diet, and • Consumption of food uninhibited by health or hygiene problems (safe drinking water, sanitation or medical services, etc.). Also included is stability of access to food i.e. the assurance of access by people to food even in the face of natural or economic shocks. For an individual to be food secure, these conditions must be respected simultaneously.1 Barriers to attaining food security include insuffcient income, transportation, cultural preferences, language, food literacy, and access to culturally appropriate food. Lack of access to healthy, nourishing food undermines the health and well-being of children and families. In Montgomery County, 7% of the County’s population is estimated to be food insecure (77,780). Children are especially vulnerable to families’ economic status. Nearly 13.9% of the County’s children are estimated to be food insecure, representing 33,000 children. This number of food insecure children is higher than any other County in the state.2 In response to changing trends and needs in the food system, the County Council passed and the County Executive signed Bill 19-16, which requires the County Executive to develop a plan to address food security and update it annually. This is not only a frst for the County, but it is also one of the few initiatives of its type in the country. Combined with the ongoing work of the Montgomery County Food Council to develop a holistic Food Action Plan for the County, this Plan is part of a comprehensive approach to continuously improving the County’s food system. This Plan is also not developed in isolation. It builds upon and incorporates the work of previous efforts. Beyond the data collection and analysis efforts of CountyStat to the Food Council’s Food Access report of 2015, there has been a wealth of information to build upon. Also helpful has been the insights that have been drawn from the various strategic planning efforts of Manna Food Center and the Capital Area Food Bank. All of those assets are cited throughout this Plan. This is not to say that all the data found in this Plan was readily available or even existed. The team responsible for developing this Plan encountered signifcant diffculties in identifying and collecting essential data and information. This experience prompted the creation of some recommendations that will be outlined on page 86. APPROACH AND BACKGROUND In the approximately four months from Bill passage to Plan submission, the County undertook an extensive review of existing programs outside the region, and conducted multiple stakeholder meetings, listening sessions and online surveys to gather data. Over 300 residents from across the county participated in the process. The Plan addresses who is at risk, where they are, and what their barriers are to food security. Due to the short time line, this draft is intentionally more descriptive than prescriptive, and is intended to be an evolving document as more detailed information is gathered over time. To understand the dynamics of what would cause some to encounter a barrier to food access in the County, it is important to describe the environment in which it occurs. This Plan looks to paint a picture for 2 Montgomery County Food Security Plan Background & Demographics & Background Executive Summary policymakers and food assistance providers. In the Background section of this document we paint that picture through data and statements of fact. Many of the trends have been known to County leaders for quite some time, but the intent in this Plan is to provide context by putting all of the demographic and socioeconomic trends related to food security in one place. The primary points of which the reader should be aware of to better understand our fndings are: • There is a growing body of research that connects public health and food insecurity. The connection with food insecurity and health issues is directly related to stress from inadequate income and poor diets. • The County has a strong network of food assistance providers, but the population of the County is becoming more diverse and the needs of their clients are changing. • The County is becoming older and the isolation of seniors aging in place creates additional challenges. • The Montgomery County Collaboration Council for Children, Youth and Families The Children’s Agenda 2015 Data Book reports concern that “Childhood obesity has been on the rise. Low income families face food insecurity, limited access to good nutrition, and a lack of opportunities for active lifestyles.” • It costs about $91,252 for a four-person family to afford the basic necessities in Montgomery County, much higher than the $24,300 Federal Poverty level. Families living in this gap face a unique set of challenges, and those are explored more in the Findings section of the Food Security Plan. Designated a “majority minority” county, Montgomery also has one of the largest growing minority populations in the state, second only to Baltimore. Montgomery County’s food insecure communities are diverse and vibrant much like the rest of the County. Residents in these communities have extensive skills and resources to enhance food security, assets that should be considered when identifying opportunities and strategies for improving food access in the County. Although specifc populations face specifc issues, one issue was relevant more broadly: self-suffciency. To control the scope of this, it was decided to focus on the food system and issues within that system that limit food access. The Plan intentionally does not dive into other areas that are related to food security, but exist in their own domain. Broader issues such as minimum wage, affordable housing, the cost of utilities and childcare all play a role in determining the food security status of a person. However, in an attempt to avoid “boiling the ocean,” this Plan focuses on the specifc challenges a person or family would face when trying to access food. What this Plan does examine is the end result that higher housing costs or lower wages may cause. The result is a signifcant gap between eligibility for many state/Federal food assistance programs and economic self-suffciency in Montgomery County. FINDINGS The Findings section of the Plan is where additional data analysis and input from the community is applied to our background material in order to produce a series of specifc, actionable fndings.