English Language Inbox !1 " ANSWERS Weekly Advanced English Lesson, Sunday 28 April, 2019 Topic: Tackling sustainability in the fashion industry" Sources: YouTube clip by the ABC, “War on Waste: Extended Sneak Peek”; YouTube clip, “The True Cost O#cial Trailer”; Article by The Conversation, “For a true war on waste, the fashion industry must spend more on research”; Podcast from the ABC’s War on Waste, “Test-tube fabrics and ol skool op shopping”; Podcast from SBS’s The Few Who Do, “Sustainable style and the price of fast fashion”" For answers, topic links, vocabulary focus and addition materials, go to: " https://www.englishlanguageinbox.com/eli-advanced-members-weekly-lessons _______________________________________________________________________________________" Listening #1: The War on Waste" A few years ago, the ABC released a series called ‘The War on Waste’, which looked at the way Australian people’s everyday choices are having an impact on the environment." Watch the ‘Extended Sneak Peak’ clip for the series. What are the four specific areas of waste and pollution that the series focuses on?" Plastic bags Food waste Fast fashion Coffee cups Which of the four issues mentioned to you think is easiest to address? Which do you think is the most challenging? Why?" ANSWERS Weekly Advanced English Lesson Sunday 28 April, 2019 English Language Inbox !2 Listen again. Complete each space below with ONE TO THREE words from the clip.." Australia is one of the most (1) WASTEFUL countries in the developed world. Every year, the waste we (2) GENERATE is growing at twice the rate of our population. As a nation we use over (3) 10 MILLION plastic bags a day, causing a (4) CRISIS in our oceans. So how did it come to this? Back in the 60s, we (5)PIONEERED recycling programs and (6) LAUNCHED campaigns to keep Australia beautiful. So what has changed? To find out, I’m gonna (7)DIVE into Australia’s waste problem, challenge a street of everyday Aussies to reduce the (8) STAGGERING amount of waste we’re producing… (9) SHOCKED by the mountains of food waste happening on farms, I go (10) HEAD TO HEAD with the major supermarkets, and confront them on their (11) COSMETIC STANDARDS. I (12) CHASE DOWN the politicians and ask why they haven’t (13) BANNED the plastic bag, and show the (14) SHOCKING CONSEQUENCES of our addiction to fast fashion. Will we all think di$erently about our (15) MORNING RITUAL when we learn the facts? I want to find out why we’ve become a (16) THROWAWAY SOCIETY, and more importantly, what can we do about it? It’s time to start the (17) WAR ON WASTE." ANSWERS Weekly Advanced English Lesson Sunday 28 April, 2019 English Language Inbox !3 Listening #2: The True Cost" This lesson will focus on just one aspect mentioned in the War on Waste program: Sustainability in fashion. " How would you define ‘Fast Fashion’? In contrast, what is involved in ‘Sustainable Fashion’?" What are some of the ways that the fast fashion industry can have a negative impact on people and the environment. Make note of your ideas below." HUMAN COST ENVIRONMENTAL COST Death and injury - collapsed garment factories Pollution Violent clashes between factory workers and Spraying chemicals on fabric police Landfill People killed in factory fire People not paid a living wage Human right breaches Children sleeping in factories ANSWERS Weekly Advanced English Lesson Sunday 28 April, 2019 English Language Inbox !4 Vocabulary #1: Match the words below with their definitions." 1. Sweatshop" a. to try very hard to do something or to make something happen, especially for a 2. Synthetic" long time or against di#culties" 3. Pattern" b. a picture cut into pieces of di$erent shapes that must be joined together 4. Jigsaw" correctly to form the picture again" 5. Margin" c. to make an important discovery or change" 6. To crunch the d. to do calculations with numbers" numbers" e. showing signs of future success" 7. To strive for sth" f. a small factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very 8. To biodegrade" bad conditions" 9. Promising" g. to decay naturally and in a way that is not harmful" 10. To make a h. the profit made on a product or service" breakthrough i. made from artificial substances, often copying a natural product" j. (for textiles and clothing) a drawing or shape used to show how to make something ANSWERS: 1. F; 2. I; 3. J; 4. B; 5. H; 6. D; 7. A; 8. G; 9. E; 10. C" ANSWERS Weekly Advanced English Lesson Sunday 28 April, 2019 English Language Inbox !5 Vocabulary #2: Use the words in the following sentences. You may have to change the form of the word to suit the sentence." 1. The. Fashion industry should STRIVE for more sustainability, prioritising people and the environment over profit." 2. Fast fashion companies make huge MARGINS at the expense of their workers." 3. SWEATSHOPS are illegal in most parts of the world, but there are some countries where workers right are extremely limited, so such places continue to exist." 4. It’s important for companies to opt for packaging that BIODEGRADES, even though it might be more expensive than plastic." 5. A number or scientific BREAKTHROUGHS need to be MADE before the fashion industry can achieve true sustainability." 6. If you CRUNCH THE NUMBERS on cheap fashion, you soon realise that garment factory workers could not possibly be fairly paid." 7. Before a piece of clothing can be sewn, it must be cut from a standard PATTERN." 8. There have been some PROMISING developments in the fashion industry, but more research and investment are still required." 9. When a garment is assembled, the cut-out pieces fit together like a JIGSAW." 10. SYNTHETIC fabrics may be the answer to some of the environmental impacts of the fashion industry." ANSWERS Weekly Advanced English Lesson Sunday 28 April, 2019 English Language Inbox !6 Reading #1: Skimming for general meaning. In one sentence, can you summarise the type of research the author is referring to?" More research is required into the creation of more sustainable fabrics and the early stages of the garment-making process in order to minimise waste, not just into how to recycle or dispose of clothing. ANSWERS Weekly Advanced English Lesson Sunday 28 April, 2019 English Language Inbox !7 Reading #2: True/ False /Not Given" Do these statements agree (True) or disagree (False) with the text, or do they neither agree nor disagree (NOT GIVEN)?" 1. If we could stop all fashion production completely, the problem would be solved. FALSE Even if we could magically stop the global production of all garments, we would still need new, green technology to clean up the waste we have already created.%" 2. Baggy, loose-fitting garments are less popular with consumers than tailored garments. NOT GIVEN 3. H&M has overstated the impact of its recycling initiative. TRUE" In 2016, investigative journalist Lucy Siegle crunched the numbers and concluded that “it appears it would take 12 years for H&M to use up 1,000 tons of fashion waste”. This, she said, was the amount of clothing they produce in about 48 hours." 4. The vast majority of H&M’s clothing is not made from sustainably-sources or recycled materials. TRUE" A 2016 H&M sustainability report reveals that only 0.7% of their clothes are actually made from recycled or other sustainably-sourced materials.%" 5. Research is being conducted into how recycles fibres can be integrated into more garments without lowering their quality. NOT GIVEN More research is needed if a greater proportion of recycled fibres is to be added to the garments without compromising quality, and also to be able to separate fibres contained in mixed materials. 6. Sustainable fashion start-ups are receiving funding on par with major green technology startups in other industries. FALSE H&M’s Global Change Award funds five start-up companies with a total of 1 million Euros for new solutions. Contrast this with the millions required by the most basic Silicon Valley start-ups or billions for major green technology companies such as Tesla or SolarCity. There is a dire need for disruptive new fashion technology." 7. It would be ideal if cotton growing fields could be replaced altogether. TRUE" If a breakthrough can be made so that commercially grown cotton can be grown from bacteria, it may be possible to replace cotton fields with more e#cient bacteria vats." 8. Some major companies have already embraced sustainable materials. TRUE" ANSWERS Weekly Advanced English Lesson Sunday 28 April, 2019 English Language Inbox !8 Companies such as Ecovate can feed fabric fibres to mushroom spore called mycelium to create bioplastics or biodegradable packaging for companies such as Dell. Adidas has 3D printed a biodegradable shoe from spider silk developed by AM silk." ANSWERS Weekly Advanced English Lesson Sunday 28 April, 2019 English Language Inbox !9 Reading #3: Short-Answer Questions" 1. What is hoped might bring an end to fashion manufacturing that harms people and the environment?" Greater transparency in supply chains 2. What major shift did the author make in his career?" He went from being a zero waste fashion designer to a trans-disciplinary fashion researcher. 3. Which stage of the garment-making process did the author focus on changing in the early days (ten years ago)?" The pattern-making process 4. What helped the author create new techniques of tailored pattern-making?" Computers and advanced mathematics 5. What were the positives and negatives of ethical clothing production that the author experienced?" Positive: fabrics were organic, everything was made locally, 6.