GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD REPORT ON STATUS OF GROUND WATER QUALITY IN COASTAL AQUIFERS OF INDIA FARIDABAD FEBRUARY 2014 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD REPORT ON STATUS OF GROUND WATER QUALITY IN COASTAL AQUIFERS OF INDIA Bhujal Bhawan Faridabad, Haryana February 2014 FARIDABAD FEBRUARY 2014 STATUS OF GROUND WATER QUALITY IN COASTAL AQUIFERS OF INDIA TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Climate & Rainfall .............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Drainage Characteristics ................................................................................................................................... 4 2. GEOMORPHOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Coastal configuration ........................................................................................................................................ 9 2.1.1 Submerged coast ........................................................................................................................................ 9 2.1.2 Prograded coast ........................................................................................................................................ 10 2.2 Coastal Plain ..................................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 West Coast ................................................................................................................................................ 10 2.2.2 East Coast .................................................................................................................................................. 11 2.3. Deltaic Plain .................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.1 Ganga Delta Plain ..................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.2 Mahanadi Delta Plain ............................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.3 Godavari Delta Plain................................................................................................................................. 15 2.3.4 Krishna Delta Plain ................................................................................................................................... 16 2.3.5 Pennar Delta Plain .................................................................................................................................... 17 2.3.6 Cauvery Delta Plain .................................................................................................................................. 17 2.4 Rocky Coast ...................................................................................................................................................... 18 3. GEOLOGICAL SETTING ........................................................................................................................................ 20 3.1. East Coast ........................................................................................................................................................ 20 3.1.1 Tamil Nadu & Puducherry ....................................................................................................................... 20 3.1.2 Andhra Pradesh ........................................................................................................................................ 23 3.1.3 Odisha ....................................................................................................................................................... 24 3.1.4 West Bengal .............................................................................................................................................. 25 3.2 West Coast ........................................................................................................................................................ 27 3.2.1 Kerala ........................................................................................................................................................ 27 3.2.2 Karnataka .................................................................................................................................................. 30 3.2.3 Goa ............................................................................................................................................................. 30 3.2.4 Maharashtra ............................................................................................................................................. 31 3.2.5 Gujarat ....................................................................................................................................................... 34 4. HYDROGEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................................................. 36 4.1 East Coast ......................................................................................................................................................... 36 4.1.1 Tamil Nadu ............................................................................................................................................... 36 4.1.2 Andhra Pradesh ........................................................................................................................................ 45 4.1.3 Odisha ....................................................................................................................................................... 49 4.1.4 West Bengal .............................................................................................................................................. 51 4.2 West Coast ........................................................................................................................................................ 56 4.2.1 Kerala ........................................................................................................................................................ 56 4.2.2 Karnataka .................................................................................................................................................. 58 4.2.3 Goa ............................................................................................................................................................. 59 4.2.4 Maharashtra ............................................................................................................................................. 61 4.2.5 Gujarat ....................................................................................................................................................... 63 5. STATUS OF GROUND WATER QUALITY OF IN COASTAL AQUIFERS ........................................................... 67 5.1 East Coast ......................................................................................................................................................... 68 5.1.1 Tamil Nadu & Puducherry ....................................................................................................................... 68 5.1.2 Andhra Pradesh ........................................................................................................................................ 74 5.1.3 Odisha ....................................................................................................................................................... 82 5.1.4 West Bengal .............................................................................................................................................. 85 5.2 West Coast ........................................................................................................................................................ 88 5.2.1 Kerala ........................................................................................................................................................ 88 5.2.2 Karnataka & Goa ....................................................................................................................................... 91 5.2.3 Maharashtra ............................................................................................................................................. 91 5.2.4 Gujarat ....................................................................................................................................................... 93 5.3 Critical areas & quality Issues in Costal Aquifers .......................................................................................... 96 5.3.1 East Coast .................................................................................................................................................. 96 5.3.2 West Coast .............................................................................................................................................