IMAGING SERVICES NORTH Boston Spa, Wetherby West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ www.bl.uk This PDF was created from the British Library’s microfilm copy of the original thesis. As such the images are greyscale and no colour was captured. Due to the scanning process, an area greater than the page area is recorded and extraneous details can be captured. This is the best available copy TH E BRITISH LIBRARY DOCUMENT SUPPLY CENTRE SbucA^ oC Spjicjtra\ iobe.^Skitic.^ TITLE iOrtd £actìtad AtomAtor(^ PopuVatiofvi,P< lA Q Holloiò CcxtWodliL AUTHOR C. INSTITUTION and DATE ATorbk bondoA Poktft^^'C '• Attention is drawn to the fact that the copyright of this thesis rests with its author. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no information derived from it may be published without the author’s prior written consent THE BRITISH LIBRARY DCXrUMCNT SUffLY CENTK 20 Unkad Kkifdain UOUCnONXL 8TATEMSKT The aKhor attended a postgreduaie com* * Soodymi)*» IfohfHSily In diecRtical phyrics, aad ineaded vedaHst d o t ooonet on analytical atomic abmptfoa and optical endnian qwctronopy and final year hcBom oomiet, at the Polyteciinic of North London. Part of the woA w u preseeied by die roihor In a lectnre ât die Second WiMitfai National Atoodc Spectroaoopy Synyoafann. Leeds, Jnty 1984 (tubeequeady pobUdied in the Analyst [73]) and a fisdier lectme was given at O u Diichaifes and Their Applicationi, OrfiBBi, Sqiwnbcr 1985174]. A poster induding part of the woik was presented by Dr. E 3 J4 . Steen at die 21it OoUoquiain Spectroscopium Imenationale, Oaimish - ParteaUidiea. September 1985. Copies of die abstraca and Analyst paper are indnded at the end of this diesis. p 2 8 3/B.l p 29 3/B J p 32 3/B.3 Pimodecior u d ReoonBnp System P 3 6 3/B.4 Baric AnsopemeBt of Optical System p 38 3/B.3 P 38 3/B^(a) ThelnteriiBBUieta p 39 3/BJ(b) Atyostmeot and Hnesse p 4 0 PHOTt»lBTRIC MEASUREMENTS (PARTICULAR EXPERIMENT DBTAnS) p 40 3/C.l Emissioa EiqMrimeots P < 0 3/C.l(a) laterfMameterScsps of Emission Line Pmfiles p 4 0 3/C l(b) MCMUKOMStt p 4 1 3/CJ, Abscqrion Ejqwrimenls p 4 1 3/C 2(t) Abaoepdon Measaemems by Frijiy • Perot Scam Beam Spectral Line M ile s p 4 3 3/C2(b) Mfiasiiicmeiitt of Total Thunmitied Intensity of I¥ Beam Spectral line P 4 6 VD RBCXDRDING OF VA CHARACTERISTICS p 4 6 3JE VISUAL INSPECTKBf OF (XjOW p 4 8 01A PTER 4 RESULTS P 4 8 VA PHOTCBdBTRIC MEASUREMENTS p 4 8 VA.1 Spectral Lines Studied p 5 2 A iA 2 p 32 V A ^(a) P4hy - Perot Scans of Emission Lines P 35 4/A ^(b) lA MoMHcnicolt p 6 4 V A ^(c) Privy • Perot Scanning Abaotydon Measurements p 6 4 V A ^ (d ) Total Absnpdcn Meaanrements p 63 4/B VACHARAC1ERIST1CS p 70 4IC SFBCTROaiAFIllC EXPERIMENTS p 70 4iD VISUAL INSPBCnCW OF (HXTW p 73 C H A P m S n s nw ntuiiim 'puN cnoN o r THE FABSY • p73 VA lOTKODUCnON p 7 3 5fB THBORY Tn«tn»nwit Panctioo Drfinhinn P 73 3 /B .l Theofy of the Ftlxy • P m t InierfiERnieier Instniment p 7 4 ' S /B ^ n m c tk » p 7 4 5 / B J .( t ) HitaiyofTheofy p 7 4 5 / B ^ ( b ) Ideal CMe p 76 V B A ( c ) PncticalCne Wmfittffal fwwarigelin« p r i VC Coinperijoo of Empirical LF. Reaulti with Theoey p 82 5 0 p 85 VE Choice of Inurnment Parameta» Uaed p 90 C H A F T E R 6 ANALYSIS FABRY - PEROT ABSC»PTION MEASUREMENTS OF p 90 f/A EXOTBD STATE NUMBER DENSITIES p 90 6 /A .l Tlieoey of Method p 9 1 6/A2 GiqiUcalAnalysU p 9 4 6/A3 Oonopoier Aided Analyrif (Method) p 9 4 V A 3 .( a ) Methoda Review p 95 6 /A J .( b ) TheteattveftooeduBB p 9 6 V A J .( c ) D aiaFk p 9 9 V A 3 .( d ) Soooe Pnffle Syntheaia PMcednre plO O < /A J .(e ) Source PrafikSyniheaianotnB» p l 0 6 V A J .( f ) AfaaoqilioB PnfO e Symheab PTCoednm p l 0 7 C /A J .(g ) Afaaoaptioo PrcfUe SymheaU PKgmm p l l O 6/AA Oaopoter Aided Analyah (OitpaO Oooectioo of Recoided PrcfDea for BOect of Inatiument p l l O 6 /A .4 .(a ) t a c t k » p l l 2 < /A ^ .(b ) Syntheabed SoiBoe hofOee p l i S 6 /A > .( c ) Symheaiaed Abaoaptioa RrolDea p l 2 0 ^ A .4 .( d ) Baeiied Atom M aaber Denridea p l 2 0 BefanelkmaadBron TOTAL ABSCRFIlCXf MBASUREMENTS p l 2 7 W p l 2 7 ffC M MEASUREMENTS F W i« PKooedarc aad Oonopaier Plposnm p l 2 7 6/C.l P1132 « C 2 Fl^aiBri Modala of M Canae p l 3 5 FMacoOdOBvee p l44 6 ^ 4 FnmelerValDet p l 47 CHAFTER7 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 7/A SELF-REVERSAL OF SPECTRAL LINE PROFILES 7/B n u m b e r DBNSrnBS OF HXCrraDATC»« IN THE 3 t,3 t' STATES 7/B.l OeoenlFeilniwofNoniberDeaiiiyReiulif 7/B^ Oompttiaoo with Remits o t Other Wosfcen 7/B.3 SatmtioaofMetutableAiomPopalatk» 7/B.4 Qnsi-iiiettsiibleAiamPopiilatioii 7/C INTENSnYACURRENT CURVES 7/C.l Oam|Mrisoii with Hownd's Remits 7/C2 Stnnmssyofl/iFittiag 7/D VA CHARACTERISTICS AND VISUAL (»SERVATKmS 7/B e ffec t s FILL OASIMPURTTY 7/F CX)RRBCnON OF SPECTRAL PROFILES FOR INSTRUMENTAL BROADENING 7/0 SUMMARY WOONOJUSIONS 7/F SU O O ESnW SPt» FURTHER STUDY p l 64 LIST OF REFERENCES APPENDIX A. a b st r a c t s AND PAPER APPENDIX B. OBAPUIEROODB LIST OF DIAGRAMS p 16 FK3.1 H.CL. POWER SUPPLY & V/i MEASUREMENT dRCUTT P 17 FIG. 2 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OP VACUUM SYSTEM p 20 FK3.3 UJLV. SECnON OT VACUUM SYSTEM VACUUM SYSTEM CONTROL dRCUTT P 21 FIG. 4 experimental H.CL. IN CCM4PIOURATION A P 24 FIG. 5 P 2 5 FIG. 6 experimental H.CL. IN CONFIGURATION B p 30 FIG. 7 EAGLE KKJNOCHROMATOR SCHEMATIC DIAC«AMS C»» M(M«)CHRi»4ATC» P 31 FIG. 8 p 33 FiG.9 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM (X> M MEASUREMENT SYSTEM P(Xl SEALED H.CL.*S FABRY • PEROT SYSTEM USED TO REC(»D P 34 FIG. 10 EMISSICR4 LINE FR(X1LES p 35 FIG. 11 SCHEMATIC IXA(»AM FABRY • PEROT ABSORPTKX4 MEASUREMENT SYSTEM p 37 FIG. 12 LOO PLOT OTPJ4.T. RESPONSE/POTENTTAL p 45 FIG. 13 EXAGCSRATED SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS OF RAY PATHS THROWHI H(X1X)W CATHODE p 50 FIG. 14 Ne I ENERGY LEVEL DIACHIAM p 5 3 FIG. 15 Ne I EMISSIC»! LINE PRCXTLES. EXPERIMENTAL LAMP (0(»«PI0. A) (1A 2TX»R) p 54 FIG. 16 Ne I 640.2 iimEMISSKm LINE PRCXTLES AT THREE LAMP CURRENTS, SEALED H.CJL Ne I EMISSION LINE PROFILES A rraC lED BY P 54 FIG. 17 OONTAMINATTCM OF FILL GAS p 56 FIG. 18 I/l CURVES CX>Ne I LINES, EXPERIMENTAL LAMP 1 ((X»<F10.A)(1TC»R) m ed iu m QUARTZ SPBCTROORAMS OF CWTAMINA’raD H.CL. EMISSION VARIATION OP FABRY - PBROTLF. WITH CHANOINO ETALON AP ARALLELISM VARIATION OF FABRY - PBROTLF. WITH CHANOINO ETALON CMUBNTATION VARIATION OP FABRY - PEROT LF. WTIH ETALON EttAMETERA, .POORPARALLELISM VARIATION ex* FABRY - PEROT LF. WITH d iffe r e n t DIAMETERS OF APERTURE Aj VARIATION OF FABRY - PEROT LF. WITH ETALON DIAMETER A ,, OPTIMIZED PARALLELISM P 81 FK}. 38 CHANOB IN FABRY • PEROT LF. ON LOCKING CXUENTATKMi ADJUST. SCREW P 88 FK3.39 FABRY - PEROT LF. OVER TWO CODERS OF interference , OPTIMIZED ETALCM ADJUSTMENT P 89 FIO.40 FABRY - PEROT LF. EXHTOmNO RESIDUAL ASYMMETRY AFIER UMTIED OPTIMIZATION OP BTALCXf PARALLELISM p l o t o f a ppa r en t a b so r ptio n C0EFFIC3BNT AGAINST WAVENUMBER PLOT OF NUMBER DENSnY OF METASTABLB STATE S ilV a i A O A I ^ LAMP CURRENT fl o w c h a r t (X» DKJrnZATKXi AND CUBIC P 97 FK). 43 SPLINE FTTIINOCX» DATA . p io i FIO. 44 fl o w c h a r t OF SCXJRCB PROTILE SYNTHESIS plOS FI0.45 f l o w c h a r t OF ABSORPTION UNE PROFIl£ SYNTHESIS p ill FK}S.46(t),(b)AND(c) TYPICAL FORMS OF SOURCE PROFILE AND in s t r u m e n t FUNCTION pll3 FK3S.47(»).(b)AND(c) SCHEMATIC DIACHIAMS SHOWINO CONVOLUTION OT TYPICAL LF. AND SOURCE PROFILES pll4 FiOS.48(t),(b)AND(c) SCHEMATIC DIAORAMS SHOWINO CORRECTION OF TYPICAL OTSERVED SPECTRAL LINE PROTILES FOR EFFECT OF LF. SYNTHESIffiD SOURCE & REOOTDED EMISSION p ll5 HO. 49 PROTILES St RESIDUAL VALUES SYNTHESIZED TRANSMTITED SOURCE PROTELE p 116 FK}. 50 ft RBOOTDFDTRANSMrriEP PROFILE, R RESIDUAL VALUES SYNTHESIZED SOURCE ft RECOTDED p i n FK3.51 PROTILES, ft RESIDUAL VALUES p l l 9 FK3.52 SYNTHESIZED ABSOTPTTON PROTILE ft r e sid u a l VALUES pl21 FH3S.33(«)AND(b) PLOTS AOAINST LAMP CURRENT OF Ne I EXOIED STATE NUMBER M NSniES ATI TC»R p l2 2 FIGS. 34 (a) AND (b) PLOTS AGAINST LAMP CURRENT <MP Nc I EXCTIED STATE NUMBER DENSTIIES AT 2 T t»R pl23 FIGS.35(t)AND(b) PLOTS AGAINST LAMP CURRENT OT Ne I EXCITED STATE NUMBER DENSITIES AT 5 TORR p l2 4 FIGS. 36 (a) AND (b) PLOTS AG AINST LAMP CURRENT OT Ne I EXCITED STATE NUMBER DENSITIES SUMMED OVER3f,3i' LEVELS(1 AND2TOTR) pl23 Flo.