SKETCHES OF CHURCH HISTORY. From AD 33 to the Reformation by the late REV. J. C ROBERTSON, M.A., CANON OF CANTERBURY, PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE TRACT COMMITTEE, LONDON: SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE, NORTHUMBERLAND AVENUE, CHARING CROSS, W.C.; 43, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, E.C. NEW YORK: EDWIN S. GORHAM. 1904 C O N T E N T S. PART I CHAPTER PAGE 1. The Age of the Apostles 1 2. St. Ignatius 5 3. St. Justin, Martyr 10 4. St. Polycarp 13 5. The Martyrs of Lyons and Vienne 15 6. Tertullian--Perpetua and her Companions 17 7. Origen 21 8. St Cyprian--Part I 25 --Part II 27 --Part III 29 9. The Last Persecution 31 10. Constantine the Great 38 11. The Council of Nicaea 43 12. St. Athanasius--Part I 47 --Part II 51 --Part III 54 13. The Monks 59 14. St. Basil and St. Gregory of Naz.--Part I 67 --Part II 70 15. St. Ambrose 73 16. The Temple of Serapis 77 17. Church Government 80 18. Christian Worship--Part I 85 --Part II 87 --Part III 90 19. Arcadius and Honorius 93 20. St. John Chrysostom--Part I 95 --Part II 100 --Part III 103 --Part IV 105 21. St. Augustine--Part I 108 --Part II 111 --Part III (Donatism) 114 --Part IV 118 --Part V 120 --Part VI (Pelagianism) 124 --Part VII 127 22. Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon 128 23. Fall of the Western Empire 131 24. Conversion of the Barbarians-- Christianity in Britain 133 25. Scotland and Ireland 136 26. Clovis. 140 27. Justinian 142 28. Nestorians and Monophysites 144 29. St. Benedict--Part I 147 --Part II 150 30. End of the Sixth Century--Part I 152 --Part II 154 31. St. Gregory the Great--Part I 156 --Part II 159 --Part III 160 --Part IV 163 PART II 1. Mahometanism; Image worship 169 2. The Church in England 171 3. St. Boniface 173 4. Pipin and Charles the Great--Part I 177 --Part II 179 5. Decay of Charles the Great's Empire 181 6. State of the Papacy 184 7. Missions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries 185 8. Pope Gregory VII --Part I 191 --Part II 193 --Part III 194 --Part IV 196 9. The First Crusade--Part I 198 --Part II 201 --Part III 204 10. New Orders of Monks--Military Orders 205 11. St. Bernard--Part I 211 --Part II 213 12. Adrian IV --Alexander III --Becket --The Third Crusade 214 13. Innocent III--Part I 217 --Part II 220 --Part III 223 --Part IV 225 14. Frederick II--St. Lewis of France--Part I 228 --Part II 229 15. Peter of Murrone 232 16. Boniface VIII--Part I 235 --Part II 236 17. The Popes at Avignon --Ruin of the Templars--Part I 239 --Part II 241 18. The Popes at Avignon (continued) 245 19. Religious Parties 247 20. John Wyclif 249 21. The Popes return to Rome 252 22. The Great Schism 254 23. John Huss 256 24. The Council of Constance--Part I 258 --Part II 260 --Part III 261 25. The Hussites 263 26. Councils of Basel and Florence 265 27. Nicolas V and Pius II 268 28. Jerome Savonarola--Part I 271 --Part II 273 29. Julius II and Leo X. 275 30. Missions--The Inquisition 277 TABLE OF DATES PART I AD PAGE 33. Descent of the Holy Ghost On the Day of Pentecost 1 62. Martyrdom of St. James the Less 3 64. Persecution by Nero begins 2 68. Martyrdom of St. Peter and St. Paul 2 70. Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus 3 95. Persecution by Domitian 3 100. Death of St. John 5 116. Martyrdom of Ignatius 9 166. Martyrdoms of Justin and Polycarp 10-15 168. Montanus publishes his heresy 17 177. Persecution at Lyons and Vienne 15 190. Tertullian flourishes 18 202. Persecution by Severus begins 18 ---. Martyrdom of Origen's father 21 206. Martyrdom of Perpetua and her companions 18 248. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage 25 249. Persecution by Decius 23 251. Paul, the first hermit 60 ---. Troubles at Carthage; Novatian schism 27 253. Plague at Carthage 27 254. Death of Origen 24 ---. Disagreement between Cyprian and Stephen of Rome 29 257. Persecution by Valerian 29 258. Martyrdom of Cyprian 31 260. Conversion of the Goths begins 40 261. Valerian prisoner--Gallienus tolerates Christians 32 270. Manes publishes his heresy 110 298. Diocletian requires idolatry from soldiers, &c., 33 303. The last general persecution begins 34 311. Separation of the Donatists from the Church 44,116 313. End of the persecution 38 314. Council of Arles about the Donatists 117 319. Arius begins to publish his heresy 44 324. Constantine defeats Licinius, declares self Christian 38 325. The First General Council held at Nicaea --Arius condemned --The Nicene Creed made 46 326. Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria 47 335. Council of Tyre 48 ---. Athanasius banished to Treves 49 336. Death of Arius 50 337. Death of Constantine 51 338. Athanasius restored to his see 52 341. Second banishment of Athanasius 52 343. Persecution in Persia 41 347. Revolt, defeat, and banishment of the Donatists 117 348. Ulfilas, bishop of the Goths 93 349. Second return of St. Athanasius 52 356. Third exile of Athanasius 53 ---. Death of Antony the hermit 61 361. Julian emperor--Paganism restored 57 362. The Donatists recalled 120 ---. Athanasius restored, but again banished 56 ---. Attempt to rebuild the Temple of Jerusalem 57 363. Death of Julian 58 370. Basil, bishop of Caesarea, in Cappadocia 68 372. Gregory of Nazianzum consecrated bishop of Sasima 69 373. Death of Athanasius 59 374. Ambrose, bishop of Milan 73 378. Gregory of Nazianzum goes to Constantinople 69 379. Theodosius, emperor 70 380. Gregory, bishop of Constantinople--Death of Basil 70 381. Second General Council held at Constantinople --Gregory withdraws from his see 71 385. Execution of Priscillian 72 387. Baptism of Augustine 113 ---. Sedition at Antioch 97 390. Massacre at Thessalonica, repentance of Theodosius 75 391. Destruction of the Temple Of Serapis 78 395. Death of Theodosius 77 ---. Augustine, bishop of Hippo 114 397. Death of Ambrose 77 ---. Chrysostom, bishop of Constantinople 100 400. Pelagius teaches his heresy at Rome 124 403. Death of Telemachus at Rome 95 ---. Council of the Oak--Chrysostom banished, recalled 105 404. Chrysostom banished to Cucusus 106 407. Death of Chrysostom 107 409. The Romans withdraw from Britain 135 410. Rome taken by Alaric 93 ---. Pelagius and Celestius in Africa 125 411. Conference with the Donatists at Carthage 122 412. Ninian bishop of Whithorn 136 415. Councils in the Holy Land as to Pelagius 126 429. Pelagianism put down in Britain by German & Lupus 135 430. Death of Augustine 128 431. Third General Council held at Ephesus --Condemnation of Nestorius 129 432. Death of Ninian--Patrick goes into Ireland 136 449. "Robber Council" meets at Ephesus 129 ---. Landing of the Saxons in England 136 451. Fourth General Council held at Chalcedon -- Condemnation of Eutyches 129 ---. Attila in France--Deliverance of Orleans 131 452. Attila in Italy 132 455. Rome plundered by Genseric 132 476. End of the Western Empire 133 484-519. Schism between Rome and Constantinople 144 493. Death of Patrick 138 496. Conversion of Clovis 141 527. Justinian, emperor 142 529. The heathen schools of Athens shut up 143 ---. Benedict draws up his Rule for monks 149 541. Jacob leader of the Monophysites 145 553. Fifth General Council held at Constantinople 145 565. Columba settles at Iona 139 ---. Death of Justinian 142 589. Third Council of Toledo-- The Spanish Church renounces Arianism 134 ---. Columban goes into France 139 590. Gregory the Great, bishop of Rome 155 596. Mission of Augustine to England 163 597. Landing of Augustine in Kent --Conversion of Ethelbert 164 604. Deaths of Gregory and Augustine 166 PART II 589-615. Missionary labours of St Columban 205 612. Mahomet begins to publish his religion 169 627. Jerusalem taken by the Mussulmans 169 632. Death of Mahomet. 169 635. Settlement of Scottish missionaries in Holy Island 172 664. Council of Whitby 172 724. Beginning of controversy as to images 170 ---. Victory of Charles Martel over the Saracens 174 734. Death of the Venerable Bede 173 715-755. Missionary Labours of St Boniface 174 752. Pipin becomes king of the Franks 177 787. Second Council of Nicaea 180 794. Council of Frankfort 180 800. Charles the Great crowned as emperor 178 ---. Forgery of Constantine's donation (approx.) 192 814. Death of Charles the Great 181 826-865. Missionary labours of Anskar 187 846. Forgery of the False Decretals (approx.) 192 860-870. Conversion of Bulgarians, Moravians, Bohemians, &c 185 912. Foundation of the Order of Cluny 206 962. Otho I, emperor 183 988. Conversion of Basil, great prince of Russia 188 999. Sylvester II, pope 184 994-1030. Conversion of Norwegians. 189 1046. Council of Sutri 185 1048. Pope Leo IX.-- Beginning of Hildebrand's influence over the papacy 193 1073. Hildebrand elected pope (Gregory VII ) 193 1074. Foundation of the Carthusian Order 207 1085. Death of Gregory VII 197 1098. Foundation of the Cistercian Order 208 1099. Jerusalem taken in the First Crusade 202 1113. Order of St John (or Hospitallers) founded 209 1116. Order of the Temple founded 210 1123. Agreement between pope and emperor at Worms 198 1147-1149. The Second Crusade 213 1153. Death of St. Bernard 214 1154. Nicolas Breakspeare, an Englishman, chosen pope (Adrian IV) 214 1170. Murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket 216 1189. The Third Crusade 217 1198. Innocent III elected pope 218 1203.