Some history - way back Linux 101 - 1960 Johan Montelius Large single job machines, batch processing KTH Operating system often only 2020 libraries to handle hardware. BESK - KTH 1953, 512 word memory 1 / 18 2 / 18 also long time ago before you were born 1970 - 1980 1980 - 1990 Multiuser systems, minicomputers The personal computer. (very large) Manual switching between Time sharing, virtual memory, hard programs. drives, ... MS-DOS, Mac OS, .. Birth of Unix and C Mac or IBM PC? PDP-10 - KTH 1970 ca, 256 Kiword memory 3 / 18 4 / 18 The *nix war at the same time 1983 - 1980 - 2000 Providing a free (as in speech, not Unix flavors become the leading beer) operating system with operating systems for everything everything you could need. but personal computers. Everything was in place ... the Everyone wants a standard - their kernel will soon be ready. own. Gnu is Not Unix AIX, HP-UX, Solaris, Ultrix ... 5 / 18 6 / 18 1991 Linux Hello everybody out there using minix - 1993 - I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big and professional Linus Torvalds like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. : : A monolithic system targeting the Intel 386 CPU. PS. Yes - it’s free of any minix code, and it has a multi-threaded fs. It is NOT Linux was born and became the portable (uses 386 task switching etc), and it probably never will support kernel for GNU. anything other than AT-harddisks, as that’s all I have :-(. Linux - the kernel for GNU - Linus Torvalds 7 / 18 8 / 18 The Unix Family Even more MULTICS MIT/GE/Bell Labs UNIX AT&T (Bell Labs) Mach, Carnegie Mellon BSD Berkeley SysV AT&T Minix, Tanenbaum GNU/Hurd OS X, Apple FreeBSD NetBSD GNU/Linux, Stallman/Tordvals iOS, Apple Orbis OS, Sony Android, Google .. left out a hundred other systems. Figure: from www.levenez.com/unix/history.html 9 / 18 10 / 18 Monolithic vs Microkernel GNU/Linux distributions The kernel will not get you far, you will need: drivers, file system, network, Application Application Applictaion Applictaion security, codecs, window manager, compilers, browsers, office, games . Networking File system You can, but few do, download and compile exactly the components that you File system want . few people do that. HW inf IPC Pipes Pipes Drivers Scheduler openSUSE: supported by Novell, Networking Debian: the base for many - second most popular distro Memory mngr Ubuntu, Mint . most popular Drivers GenToo: BSD like, professional Scheduler IPC HW Memory Fedora: used by Linus, Red Hat users commercial version, CentOS . One large monolithic kernel. A minimal kernel. Arch Linux: for advanced users, Mandriva: a.k.a Mandrake, Red Linux, BSD, MacOS, .... Minix, Mach, L4 ... (Windows/NT) Antergos, KaOS, Manjaro Hat offspring, KDE, Intel only Slackware: you’ll learn a lot 11 / 18 12 / 18 Ubuntu Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Lubuntu,.... Which version of Ubuntu to choose is very much a choice of desktop environment. Supported by Canonical Based on Debian packages. Two regular releases a year :04 and :10 LTS - five year support, released every second year Things work and are easy to maintain. 13 / 18 14 / 18 2016 What’s next Share of Top500 Super Computers 15 / 18 16 / 18 the elephant in the room Linux - give it a try Three options: Install a virtual machine on top of your regular system. Take an old laptop and boot it from scratch. Join the good side. 17 / 18 18 / 18.